Table 1 Selection criteria
Inclusion criteria |
1. Treatment for OVCF at our clinic during the data accumulation period |
2. Follow-up period > 12 months |
3. Recent OVCF at ≥ 1 level on a simple radiograph and CT or MRI |
4. No other abnormal findings of the spine (e.g., infection, tumor) |
5. Full understanding of the study and voluntary granting of written consent |
6. Low serum vitamin D level (< 30 ng/mL) |
Exclusion criteria |
1. Daily intake ≥ 800 IU of vitamin D3 |
2. Serum calcium level > 10.5 mg/dL |
3. Hypercalciuria (i.e., spot urine calcium/creatinine ratio > 0.4) |
4. Malabsorption disease, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, hyperparathyroidism, celiac disease |
5. Kidney stone |
6. Renal dysfunction (GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) |
7. Hepatic dysfunction |
8. Fasting blood sugar level > 126 mg/dL |
9. Previous spine surgery |
10. Secondary gain such as worker compensation and traffic insurance |
11. Contraindication to vitamin D supplementation |