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Table 1 Comparison of variables between the positive HBL group and negative HBL group

From: Development and validation of a nomogram for prediction of the risk of positive hidden blood loss in the perioperative period of single-level thoracolumbar burst fracture

 

Total

Negative HBL group

Positive HBL group

P value

Number of patients

150

93

57

 

Age (year)

38.1 (10.3)

34.3 (9.5)

49.2 (8.1)

<0.001

Sex (%)

 Female

99 (66.0)

60 (64.5)

39 (68.4)

0.711

 Male

51 (34.0)

33 (35.5)

18 (31.6)

 

BMI (%)

 < 25

77 (51.3)

53 (57.0)

24 (42.1)

0.065

 ≧25

73 (48.7)

40 (43.0)

33 (57.9)

 

Hypertension (%)

 No

56(37.3)

45 (48.4)

11 (19.3)

<0.001

 Yes

94 (62.7)

50 (51.6)

46 (80.7)

 

Diabetes (%)

 No

63 (42.0)

53 (57.0)

10 (17.5)

0.017

 Yes

87 (58.0)

40 (43.0)

47 (82.5)

 

History of smoking (%)

 No

77 (51.3)

61 (65.6)

16 (28.1)

<0.001

 Yes

73 (48.7)

32 (34.4)

41 (71.9)

 

History of alcohol (%)

 No

68 (42.5)

40 (38.8)

28 (49.1)

0.165

 Yes

92 (57.5)

63 (61.2)

29 (50.9)

 

Chronic steroid use (%)

 No

133 (88.7)

80 (86.0)

53 (93.0)

0.321

 Yes

17 (11.3)

13 (14.0)

4 (7.00)

 

COPD (%)

 No

145 (96.7)

90 (96.8)

55 (96.5)

0.965

 Yes

5 (3.30)

3 (3.20)

2 (3.50)

 

History of blood transfusion (%)

 No

149 (99.3)

92 (98.9)

57 (100.0)

0.421

 Yes

1 (0.7)

1 (1.10)

0 (0.00)

 

Preoperative VAS

5.9 [4.9, 7.1]

6.8 [4.8, 7.0]

5.8 [4.9, 7.0]

0.265

Preoperative JOA

12.7 [10.0, 16.5]

13.1 [10.0, 16.0]

13.2 [10.8, 15.5]

0.228

Preoperative SF-36

70.6 (5.4)

71.3 (6.0)

69.9 (6.8)

0.65

Duration from admission to surgery (day)

0.6 (0.5)

0.48 (0.5)

0.72 (0.3)

0.021

Length of surgical incision (cm)

14.0 (1.6)

12.9 (1.1)

15.8 (0.9)

<0.001

Duration of operation (min)

164.6 (18.4)

157.0 (13.8)

178.2(15.5)

<0.001

P1%

38.3 [36.7, 44.1]

37.2 [36.0, 36.4]

46.0 [41.4, 48.1]

<0.001

P2%

29.7 [27.0, 31.8]

30.9 [26.9, 34.7]

28.5 [26.9, 30.9]

0.011

Level

 T11

64 (43.0)

43 (46.1)

22 (37.9)

0.637

 T12

63 (41.9)

38 (40.8)

25 (43.6)

 

 L1

23 (15.2)

12 (13.1)

11 (18.5)

 

Levels of fusion (%)

 T9-L1

73 (48.7)

50 (53.8)

23 (40.4)

0.4408

 T10-L2

61 (40.7)

36 (38.7)

25 (43.9)

 

 T11-L3

16 (10.7)

7 (7.50)

9 (15.8)

 

Intraoperative infusion of crystalloids (ml)

1569.0 [1317.0, 1862.3]

1561.1 [1359.5, 1856.2]

1538.1 [1239.2, 1889.9]

0.706

Intraoperative infusion of colloids (ml)

812.4 [627.0, 995.5]

809.6 [618.0, 1011.3]

815.1 [670.2, 939.5]

0.876

Autologous blood transfusion (%)

 No

120 (80.0)

77 (82.8)

43 (75.4)

0.470

 Yes

30 (20.0)

16 (17.2)

14 (24.6)

 

Allogeneic blood transfusion (%)

 No

115 (76.7)

75 (80.6)

40 (70.2)

0.775

 Yes

35 (23.3)

18 (19.4)

17 (29.8)

 

Preoperative total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.7 [3.3, 6.4]

3.7 [3.2, 5.0]

6.8 [5.2, 7.0]

<0.001

Preoperative triglyceride (mmol/L)

2.1 [1.4, 3.5]

1.7 [1.0, 2.3]

3.8 [3.2, 4.9]

<0.001

Preoperative Hct (%)

40.9 (3.5)

40.3 (3.9)

42.6(4.4)

0.405

Preoperative Hb (g/L)

122.8 (13.4)

124.2 (15.2)

119.8 (10.2)

0.017

Preoperative ALB (g/L)

39.7 (4.8)

39.2 (4.0)

40.6 (4.3)

0.040

Preoperative PT (s)

10.2 (0.6)

10.1 (0.4)

10.9 (0.5)

<0.001

Preoperative APTT (s)

33.4 (2.7)

35.7 (2.8)

32.9 (2.8)

<0.001

Preoperative Fib (mg/dL)

4.7 (0.9)

4.9 (1.0)

4.6 (0.7)

0.038

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, JOA Japanese Orthopaedic Association, VAS visual analogue score, SF-36 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, P1% percentages of vertebral height restoration, P2% percentages of vertebral height loss, Hct hematocrit, Hb hemoglobin, ALB albumin, PT prothrombin time, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time