Table 4 Chronic QTR
From: Complex ruptures of the quadriceps tendon: a systematic review of surgical procedures and outcomes
Nr. of reference | No. of patients | Gender | Mean age | Mechanism of rupture | Time before surgery | Type of lesion/rerupture | Associated injury/comorbidities | Type of surgery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[25] Bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture in a seasoned marathon runner with patellar spurs. (2011) Assiotis et al. | 1 | M | 63 | Tripped on a step and fell down, landing on both his knees | 42 days | Bilateral QT ruptures | None | Three separate Krakow-type sutures +three separate drilled tunnels in the patella and secured over the distal pole |
[40] Simultaneous chronic rupture of quadriceps tendon and contra-lateral patellar tendon in a patient affected by tertiary hyperparatiroidism. (2008) Grecomoro et al. | 1 | M | 48 | Subsiding of the left knee during walking and a secondary fall | 40 days | Full thickness of the distal insertion of QT | Chronic renal failure, tertiary hyperparathyroidism | Codivilla’s Y/V technique |
[41] Neglected rupture of the quadriceps tendon in a patient with chronic renal failure (case report and review of the literature). (2014) Hassani et al. | 1 | M | 32 | Common fall | 60 days | Full thickness of the QT at the osteo-tendinous junction with retraction of 3 cm + calcifications | Chronic renal failure, with hemodialysis dependence for 5 years | Codivilla’s Y/V technique |
[22] Bilateral extensor mechanism allograft reconstruction for chronic spontaneous rupture: a case report and review of the literature. (2019) Lamberti et al. | 1 | F | 51 | Acute failureof the left knee while getting up from a chair | 480 days | Full-thickness lesion on the left QT | End-stage renal failure + full-thickness lesion on the right patellar tendon | A full extensor mechanism allograft |
[36] Surgical treatment of neglected traumatic quadriceps tendon rupture with knee ankylosis. (2016) Lee et al. | 1 | M | 15 | Motorcycle traffic accident | 270 days | Chronic QT rupture + a patellar superior pole avulsion fracture of the left knee + nonunion of the left proximal tibia fracture | Open fracture of the left femur shaft + an intra-articular fracture of the proximal tibia | QT reconstruction using tibialis anterior allograft and additional screw fixation |
[17] Reconstruction of a chronic quadriceps tendon tear in a body builder. (2006) Leopardi et al. | 1 | M | 28 | Car accident | 210 days | Full-thickness tear of the quadriceps tendon proximal to the superior pole of the patella | Anabolic steroid use | QT reconstruction using gracilis and semitendinosus autograft |
[42] Neglected ipsilateral simultaneous ruptures of patellar and quadriceps tendon (2015) Karahasanoglu et al. | 1 | M | 40 | Fall from a standing height | 730 days | Chronic full-thickness and QT retraction | Ipsilateral patellar tendon rupture | Peroneus longus autograft |
[43] Bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture and coexistent femoral neck fracture in a patient with chronic renal failure. (2007) Kazimoglu et al. | 1 | F | 37 | Two consecutive falls | 60 days | bilateral QT ruptures | Chronic renal failure, with hemodialysis dependence for 2 years | Tycron transpatellar suture anchors |
[35] Knee osteoarthritis with chronic quadriceps tendon rupture treated with total knee arthroplasty and extensor mechanism allograft reconstruction: a case report. (2018) Piatek et al. | 1 | M | 51 | Traumatic fall | 90 days | Chronic full-thickness and QT retraction | Tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis | TKA + complete knee extensor mechanism allograft |
[45] Delayed reconstruction of a quadriceps tendon. (2008) Pocock et al. | 1 | F | 80 | Common fall | 2920 days | Chronic full-thickness and QT retraction | Hypertension | Four FiberWire1 (Arthrex Ltd, Sheffield, England) sutures |
[30] Chronic rupture of the extensor apparatus of the knee joint. (2005) Poonnoose et al. | 1 | M | 50 | Common fall | 4380 days | Chronic full-thickness and QT retraction | Comminuted patellar fracture treated with patellectomy | Controlateral ileo-tibial band autograft |
[46] Chronic quadriceps rupture: treatment with lengthening and early mobilization without cerclage augmentation and a report of three cases. (2008) Rizio et al. | 3 | 1 M 2 F | 46,75 | One of them down a flight of stairs; One of them injured his knee while jumping in church during prayers; One of them fell while stepping off a curb. | 240 days | Chronic full thickness | Hypertension, hypercolesterolaemia, obesity + obesity + hyp and chronic back pain | V-Y lengthening and direct repair through drill holes in the patella without augmentation |
[47] A simultaneous bilateral quadriceps and patellar tendons rupture in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis: a case report. (2020) Tao et al. | 2 | M | 33,5 | 1 fall down the stairs 1 sudden twist | Bilateral QT ruptures | Chronic renal failure, with hemodialysis dependence for 9 and 11 years | Krackow sutures | |