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Table 2 Patients’ comorbidities

From: Complex ruptures of the quadriceps tendon: a systematic review of surgical procedures and outcomes

Nr. of reference

No. of patients

Gender

Mean age

Comorbidities

[37] Extensor mechanism reconstruction with use of Marlex Mesh. (2019) Abdel et al.

27

10 M 17 F

70

Obesity, diabetes, coronary artery diease, hypertension, OA, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson, cancer (leukemia, breast cancer, bladder cancer)

[25] Bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture in a seasoned marathon runner with patellar spurs. (2011) Assiotis et al.

1

M

63

None

[29] The hemisoleus rotational flap provides a novel superior autograft reconstructive option for the treatment of chronic extensor mechanism disruption. (2016) Auregan et al.

1

F

80

None

[48] Quadriceps tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty. Prevalence, complications, and outcomes. (2005) Dobbs et al.

7

1 M 6 F

69

Obesity [1], steroid abuse [1], DM [1]

[32] Allograft reconstruction of a chronic quadriceps tendon rupture with use of a novel technique. (2014) Forslund et al.

1

M

47

Hypertension

[40] Simultaneous chronic rupture of quadriceps tendon and contra-lateral patellar tendon in a patient affected by tertiary hyperparatiroidism. (2008) Grecomoro et al.

1

M

48

Chronic renal failure, tertiary hyperparathyroidism

[41] Neglected rupture of the quadriceps tendon in a patient with chronic renal failure (case report and review of the literature). (2014) Hassani et al.

1

M

32

CKD with hemodialysis dependence for 5 years

[22] Bilateral extensor mechanism allograft reconstruction for chronic spontaneous rupture: a case report and review of the literature. (2019) Lamberti et al.

1

F

51

End-stage CKD

[36] Surgical treatment of neglected traumatic quadriceps tendon rupture with knee ankylosis. (2016) Lee et al.

1

M

15

Open fracture of the left femur shaft, intra-articular fracture of the proximal tibia

[17] Reconstruction of a chronic quadriceps tendon tear in a body builder. (2006) Leopardi et al.

1

M

28

Anabolic steroid use

[33] Reconstruction of disrupted extensor mechanism after total knee arthroplasty. (2017) Lim et al.

3

2 M 1 F

69

GERD, pulmonary embolism, diabetes, hypothyroidism, asthma, hypertension, stroke, smoke

[42] Neglected ipsilateral simultaneous ruptures of patellar and quadriceps tendon (2015) Karahasanoglu et al.

1

M

40

Ipsilateral patellar tendon rupture

[43] Bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture and coexistent femoral neck fracture in a patient with chronic renal failure. (2007) Kazimoglu et al.

1

F

37

CKD, with hemodialysis dependence for 2 years

[28] Autologous hamstring tendon used for revision of quadiceps tendon tears. (2013) McCormick et al.

1

Male

38

None

[38] Polypropylene mesh augmentation for complete quadriceps rupture after total knee arthroplasty. (2016) Nodzo et al.

7

2 M 5 F

56

Diabetes, rheumathoid arhtritis, chronic pulmonary disease with steroid use, HCV, drug abuse, smoke, chronic renal failure

[44] Chronic quadriceps tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty augmented with synthetic mesh. (2017) Ormaza et al.

3

2 M 1 F

70

Hemochromatosis

[35] Knee osteoarthritis with chronic quadriceps tendon rupture treated with total knee arthroplasty and extensor mechanism allograft reconstruction: a case report. (2018) Piatek et al.

1

M

51

Tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis

[45] Delayed reconstruction of a quadriceps tendon. (2008) Pocock et al.

1

F

80

Hypertension

[30] Chronic rupture of the extensor apparatus of the knee joint. (2005) Poonnoose et al.

1

M

50

Comminuted patellar fracture treated with patellectomy

[19] Quadriceps tendon repair using hamstring, prolene mesh and autologous conditioned plasma augmentation. A novel technique for repair of chronic quadriceps tendon rupture. (2015) Rehman et al.

1

M

61

Hypertension, glaucoma

[46] Chronic quadriceps rupture: treatment with lengthening and early mobilization without cerclage augmentation and a report of three cases. (2008) Rizio et al.

3

1 M 2 F

50

Hypertension, Hypercolesterolaemia, Obesity, and chronic back pain

[18] Repair of ruptured quadriceps tendon with Leeds-Keio ligament following revision knee surgery. (2008) Rust et al.

1

F

86

None

[23] Modified V-Y turndown flap augmentation for quadriceps tendon rupture following total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study. (2019) Shi et al.

23

10 M 13F

61

Obesity, diabetes, chronic dialysis, steroid dependence (12pt)

[47] A simultaneous bilateral quadriceps and patellar tendons rupture in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis: a case report. (2020) Tao et al.

2

M

33,5

Chronic renal failure, with hemodialysis dependence for 9 and 11 years

[34] Long-term results of extensor mechanism reconstruction using Achilles tendon allograft after total knee arthroplasty. (2018) Wise et al.

6

3 M 3 F

69

Hypertension [3], GERD, obesity [3], hypothyroidism, asthma, chronic kidney disease, OA, diabetes [3]