Fig. 4

a Measurements were taken with the elbow flexed to 90° and the forearm in pronation. Each sensor was fixed to the side surface of jigs that could grip the distal radial shaft and the ulnar head. b The examiners grasped and fixed the distal end of the radius and carpal bones. The ulnar head was moved from the dorsal to the volar sides to measure the dorsovolar ulnar head translation with respect to the radius