Table 4 Correlation analysis, normative values and between-group difference

T1–T12

0.23 (0.21)

2154

997

x < 40

39.8 (±5.87)

33.93–45.67

x < 40 – x > 60^b (0.015)

x < 40 – 40 < x < 60 (0.32)

40 < x < 60 – x > 60^b (0.004)

X < 50 – x > 50 (0.17)

683

40 < x < 60

38.54 (±4.68)

33.86–43.22

474

x > 60

43.56 (±10.5)

33.08–54.04

1454

x < 50

38.94 (±5.18)

33.76–44.12

700

x > 50

43.11 (±9.56)

33.55–52.67

T2–T12

0.64 (0.12)

212

132

x < 40

44.53 (±4.16)

40.37–48.7

x < 40 – x > 60 (0.49)

x < 40 – 40 < x < 60 (0.49)

40 < x < 60 – x > 60 (0.49)

X < 50 – x > 50 (0.07)

35

40 < x < 60

47.7 (±4.53)

43.17–52.23

61

x > 60

48.75 (±1.48)

47.27–50.23

151

x < 50

44.53 (±3.4)

41.13–47.92

61

x > 50

49.47 (±1.63)

47.84–51.09

T4–T12

0.45^a (0.048)

1617

1199

x < 40

33.88 (±4.88)

29–38.77

x < 40 – x > 60^b (0.00052)

x < 40 – 40 < x < 60 (0.055)

40 < x < 60 – x > 60 (0.16)

X < 50 – x > 50^a (0.0003)

242

40 < x < 60

40.1 (±2.69)

37.41–42.79

176

x > 60

47.63 (±7.33)

40.29–54.96

1223

x < 50

34.11 (±4.77)

29.34–38.87

394

x > 50

45.63 (±6.47)

39.17–52.1

T5–T12

0.52^a (0.0001)

4018

1037

x < 40

26.32 (±4.33)

21.99–30.65

x < 40 – x > 60^b (0.00011)

x < 40 – 40 < x < 60 (0.036)

40 < x < 60 – x > 60 (0.086)

X < 50 – x > 50^a (0.001)

644

40 < x < 60

30.31 (±4.31)

26–34.61

2337

x > 60

32.59 (±3.63)

28.96–36.22

1165

x < 50

27.45 (±4.6)

22.75–32.15

2853

x > 50

31.94 (±3.91)

28.03–35.85

Ethnicity

North America (N.A.)

T2–T12

0.87^a (0.02)

120

40

x < 40

42.2 (±1.41)

40.79–43.61

35

40 < x < 60

47.7 (±4.52)

43.17–52.23

45

x > 60

48.75 (±1.48)

47.27–50.23

T1–T12

59

x < 50

42.97 (±1.66)

41.3–44.63

Asia - Europe

61

x > 50

49.47 (±1.63)

47.84–51.09

x < 50^a (0.036)

T4–T12

0.82 (0.18)

190

49

x < 50

37.5 (±0.7)

36.79–38.21

x > 50^a (0.043)

141

x > 50

42.75 (±1.77)

40.98–44.52

T5–T12

0.65^a (0.03)

339

40

x < 40

30.05 (±1.63)

28.42–31.68

208

40 < x < 60

35.02 (±2.62)

32.4–37.64

T4–T12

91

x > 60

35.93 (±2.19)

33.73–38.12

N.A. - Europe

86

x < 50

32.2 (±2.98)

29.22–35.18

x < 50 (0.5)

253

x > 50

35.73 (±2.42)

33.31–38.15

x > 50 (0.5)

Asia

T1–T12

− 0.18 (0.46)

1551

737

x < 40

39.2 (±5.07)

34.13–44.27

554

40 < x < 60

37.12 (±1.73)

35.39–38.85

260

x > 60

35.77 (±2.39)

33.39–38.16

1184

x < 50

38.48 (±4.37)

34.11–42.85

T5–T12

367

x > 50

36.31 (±2.38)

33.93–38.69

N.A. - Asia

T5–T12

0.72^a (0.0000006)

2919

997

x < 40

25.39 (±4.33)

21.06–29.71

x < 40 (0.19)

436

40 < x < 60

27.69 (±2.26)

25.43–29.95

40 < x < 60^a (0.00013)

1486

x > 60

31.76 (±3.49)

28.27–35.24

x > 60^a (0.033)

1079

x < 50

25.55 (±3.86)

21.69–29.41

x < 50^a (0.0097)

1486

x > 50

30.81 (±3.58)

27.23–34.39

x > 50^a (0.0017)

Europe

T1–T12

0.8 (0.57)

404

250

x < 50

44.87 (±3.96)

40.9–48.83

154

x > 50

55.7 (±7.04)

48.66–62.74

T4–T12

0.88^a (0.00076)

863

610

x < 50

36.18 (±2.41)

33.77–38.6

253

x > 50

47.08 (±7.77)

39.31–54.84

Gender

Female

T1–T12

− 0.17 (0.55)

724

278

x < 40

37.45 (±6.39)

31.06–43.83

301

40 < x < 60

36.16 (±0.39)

35.77–36.55

145

x > 60

33.57 (±4.92)

28.65–38.49

T1–T12

345

x < 50

37.09 (±5.44)

31.65–42.52

Female-male

379

x > 50

34.48 (±4.07)

30.41–38.55

x < 40 (0.52)

T2–T12

0.6^a (0.15)

126

73

x < 40

44.33 (±4.16)

40.17–48.49

40 < x < 60 (0.27)

28

40 < x < 60

45.9 (±7.78)

38.12–53.68

x > 60 (0.19)

25

x > 60

49.45 (±6.76)

42.73–56.17

x < 50 (0.41)

88

x < 50

43.35 (±3.92)

39.43–47.27

x > 50 (0.1)

38

x > 50

50.1 (±4.88)

45.22–54.98

T5–T12

0.6^a (0.0024)

1254

383

x < 40

27.27 (±5.27)

21.99–32.54

184

40 < x < 60

29.82 (±4.16)

25.65–33.98

T2–T12

687

x > 60

33.45 (±5.18)

28.27–38.63

Female-male

440

x < 50

27.49 (±4.5)

22.98–31.99

x < 40 (0.92)

814

x > 50

32.71 (±5.12)

27.58–37.83

40 < x < 60 (0.41)

Male

T1–T12

0.03 (0.94)

571

172

x < 40

40.38 (±7.22)

33.15–47.6

x > 60 (0.97)

274

40 < x < 60

38.7 (±3.74)

34.96–42.43

x < 50 (0.35)

125

x > 60

38.57 (±3.16)

35.41–41.72

x > 50 (0.75)

390

x < 50

39.56 (±5.83)

33.72–45.39

181

x > 50

38.78 (±2.61)

37.47–41.39

T2–T12

0.07 (0.88)

86

59

x < 40

44.8 (±6.87)

37.93–51.67

T5–T12

7

40 < x < 60

54.05 (±7.85)

46.2–61.9

Female-male

20

x > 60

49.2 (±4.53)

44.67–53.73

x < 40 (0.69)

63

x < 50

48.5 (±9.29)

39.21–57.79

40 < x < 60 (0.62)

23

x > 50

48.97 (±3.23)

45.74–52.19

x > 60 (0.4)

T5–T12

0.51^a (0.0085)

1393

540

x < 40

26.17 (±4.9)

21.28–31.07

x < 50 (0.81)

152

40 < x < 60

31.87 (±8.88)

22.99–40.75

x > 50 (0.57)

701

x > 60

32.28 (±3.66)

28.62–35.99

584

x < 50

28.27 (±7.7)

20.55–35.99

809

x > 50

31.71 (±4.46)

27.24–36.17