Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Author (year) | Intervention | Control | Sample size (Mean age, year) | Time of administration | Adjunct therapy in all patients | Study type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention | Control | ||||||
Bober (2020) [10] | FIB (40 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine) | Without FIB | 60 (62.9) | 62 (63.6) | Postoperative | Epidural lidocaine | RCT |
Bravo (2020) [9] | FIB (40 mL of levobupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine 5 μg/mL) | LPB (40 mL of levobupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine 5 μg/mL) | 30 (62.9) | 30 (59.5) | Postoperative | Spinal anesthesia | RCT |
Liu (2020) [19] | FIB (30 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine) | Without FIB | 40 (70.1) | 40 (70.0) | Postoperative | GA | RCT |
Gasanova (2019) [22] | FIB (60 mL of ropivacaine 300 mg and epinephrine 150 μg) | Periarticular infiltration (60 mL of ropivacaine 300 mg and epinephrine 150 μg) | 30 (56.2) | 30 (59.0) | Postoperative | GA | RCT |
Perry (2018) [23] | FIB (50 mL of 0.3% ropivicaine) | LPB (50 mL of 0.3% ropivicaine) | 25 (58.9) | 25 (58.1) | Preoperative | GA | RCT |
McGraw-Tatum (2 | FIB (40 mg of 0.2% ropivacaine) | Periarticular infiltration (20 mL of 1.3% liposomal bupivacaine) | 39 (63.4) | 40 (63.9) | Postoperative | GA | RCT |
Desmet (2017) [18] | FIB (40 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine) | Without FIB | 44 (60.4) | 44 (66.5) | Preoperative | GA | RCT |
Kearns (2016) [24] | FIB (40 mL of levobupivacaine, 2 mg.kg−1) | Spinal morphine (100 μg morphine) | 54 (67) | 54 (64) | Preoperative | Spinal anesthesia | RCT |
Deniz (2014) [17] | FIB (30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine) | Without FIB | 24 (59.1) | 22 (62.2) | Preoperative | GA | RCT |
Shariat (2013) [20] | FIB (30 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine) | Without FIB | 16 (61) | 16 (57) | Postoperative | GA | RCT |
Stevens (2007) [21] | FIB (30 mL 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline, 150 μg clonidine) | Without FIB | 22 (68.7) | 22 (66.8) | - | Spinal anesthesia | RCT |
Lei (2016) [25] | FIB (0.2% ropivicaine, 5 mL/h plus a bolus of 5 mL with a lock-time of 15 min) | PCIA (180 mL of tramadol, 0.3 mg/[kg·h], at a rate of 2 mL/h plus a bolus of 0.5 mL with a lock-time of 15 min) | 23 (80.4) | 23 (82.5) | Preoperative | GA | RCT |