Table 2 Details of the nerve blocks and anesthesia used
Study | Localization method | Analgesia used in nerve block | Analgesia used in PACU | Analgesia used in ward |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdallah 2020 [1] | Ultrasound guided | Local anesthetic solution in 5-ml aliquots | NRS > 4, IV fentanyl in 25-μg increments every 5 min, as needed, up to a total of 100 μg, followed by IV morphine in 5-mg increments every 10 min up to a total of 20 mg or hydromorphone in 0.2-mg increments every 10 min up to a total of 3 mg. | Oral acetaminophen 300 mg plus codeine 30 mg combination tablets every 4 h, as needed, followed by oral oxycodone 5 to 10 mg every 4 h, as needed. |
Auyong 2018 [3] | Ultrasound guided | 15 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine | NRS pain score of 4-6, 25 mg of fentanyl IV; NRS score 7-10, 50 mg of fentanyl IV. | NRS score 4-6, 5 mg of oral oxycodone; NRS score 7-10, 10 mg of oral oxycodone. |
Cao 2019 [7] | Arthroscopic guided (SNNB)/ Ultrasound guided (ISB) | 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine | NA | 100 mg of imrecoxib orally. If VAS > 3, 50 mg of flurbiprofen axetil IV; 6 h later, if VAS > 3, another 50 mg of flurbiprofen axetil IV; if VAS > 5, 50 mg of pethidine IM |
Desroches 2016 [11] | Ultrasound guided | 20 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine. | 1 g of acetaminophen, 100 mg of ketoprofen, 100 mg of tramadol IV. If VAS > 3, 3 mg of morphine IV; 5 min later, if VAS > 3, another 3 mg of morphine IV | Acetaminophen (325 mg, 6 times a day), ketoprofen (100 mg, twice a day), pantoprazole(20 mg, once a day), tramadol (37.5 mg, 6 times a day). If still in pain, oral morphine sulfate (10 mg, 6 times a day). |
Ikemoto 2010 [20] | Anatomic landmarks guided | 2 mg/kg of 0.5% ropivacaine | NA | NA |
Jiang 2017 [21] | Ultrasound guided | 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine+5mg of dexamethasone | If VAS > 4, 50 mg of pethidine IM | If VAS > 4, 50 mg of pethidine IM |
Kumara 2016 [25] | Electrophysiology-guided | 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine with 75 mg of clonidine | If VAS> 4, 75 mg of diclofenac IM | If VAS> 4, 75 mg of diclofenac IM |
Li 2018 [28] | Ultrasound guided | 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine | If VAS > 4, tramadol IV | If VAS > 4, tramadol IV |
Lim 2020 [29] | Ultrasound guided | 15 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine | Intravenous morphine (up to 0.2 mg/kg) | Regular oral paracetamol 1 g every 6 h and etoricoxib 120 mg once daily |
Liu 2020 [30] | Ultrasound guided | 6 mL of 0.3% ropivacaine | NA | NA |
Mai 2019 [31] | Ultrasound guided | 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine+5 mg of dexamethasone | NA | NA |
Ovesen 2014 [34] | Anatomic landmarks guided | 20 mL of bupivacaine (SSNB)/30 mL of ropivacaine (ISB) | NA | 1 g of paracetamol 4 times a day, 600 mg of ibuprofen 3 times a day. If VAS > 3, patients received 3-5 mg nicomorphine hydrochloride IV followed by 5 mg ketobemidone. |
Petroff 2020 [35] | Ultrasound guided | 10 ml of 1% ropivacaine | NA | Ibuprofen 600 mg up to four times or the synthetic opioid tilidine 100 mg up to twice in 24 h, as needed. |
Singelyn 2004 [40] | Anatomic landmarks guided | 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine (SSNB)/20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine (ISB) | If VAS > 3, 2 g of IV propacetamol, 30 min, if VAS > 3 5 or 10 mg of subcutaneous morphine | If VAS > 3, 2 g of IV propacetamol, 30 min, if VAS > 3 5 or 10 mg of subcutaneous morphine |
Wang 2019 [42] | Ultrasound guided | 15 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine | If VAS > 3, tramadol IV | If VAS > 3, tramadol IV |
Wiegel 2017 [43] | Ultrasound guided | 10 mL of 1% ropivacaine/20 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine | If NRS > 3, 3 mg of IV piritramide | If NRS > 3, 3 mg of IV piritramide |
Yao 2019 [44] | Ultrasound guided | 15 mL of 0.5% ropivacane (SSNB)/20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine (ISB) | If VAS > 3, 100 mg of tramadol IV, 10 min, if VAS > 3, 3 mg of morphine IV. | 300 mg of oral ibuprofen 3 times a day, if VAS > 3, 100 mg of Tramadol IV; 10 min, if VAS >3, 2 mg of hydromorphone hydrochloride IM |