Comparison of lateral entry and crossed entry pinning for pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Detail characteristic of included studies

Analysis item	Studies	Patients	Heterogeneity		Statistical method	Effect estimate	P value
Analysis item	Studies	Patients	I²	p	Statistical method	Effect estimate	P value
Radiographic outcomes
Carrying angle	2	182	0%	0.95	MD (IV, random, 95% CI)	−0.08 (−0.90, 0.73)	0.85
Loss of carrying angle	4	297	0%	0.97	MD (IV, fixed, 95% CI)	−0.17 (−0.72, 0.38)	0.55
Baumann angle	2	182	0%	0.63	MD (M-H, fixed, 95% CI)	1.10 (−0.20, 2.40)	0.10
Change of Baumann angle	5	349	0%	0.86	MD (IV, random, 95% CI)	0.14 (−0.27, 0.54)	0.51
Functional outcomes
Criteria of Flynn, excellent	7	792	0%	0.81	RR (IV, random, 95% CI)	1.05 (0.97, 1.14)	0.34
Criteria of Flynn, good	6	592	0%	0.92	RR (IV, random, 95% CI)	0.92 (0.60, 1.41)	0.71
Full return to function	2	112	0%	0.48	RR (M-H, fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 (0.91, 1.09)	0.96
Loss of elbow flexion	3	337	0%	0.91	MD (IV, random, 95% CI)	−0.18 (−1.65, 1.29)	0.81
Loss of elbow extension	3	335	0%	0.91	MD (IV, random, 95% CI)	−0.04 (−0.01, 0.09)	0.12
Complications
Pin tract infection	4	337	0%	0.66	RR (M-H, fixed, 95% CI)	0.89 (0.37, 2.14)	0.80
Superficial infection	4	337	0%	0.58	RR (M-H, fixed, 95% CI)	0.87 (0.31, 2.44)	0.80
Reoperation	2	112	NA	NA	RR (M-H, fixed, 95% CI)	6.56 (0.35, 121.80)	0.21

Mild or major displacement (change of the Baumann angle) based on the criteria of Skaggs et al. [49]; excellent grading of criteria of Flynn et al. [13]
MD mean difference, RR risk ratio, IV inverse variance, M-H Mantel-Haenszel, fixed fixed effect, random random effect, CI confidence interval

ISSN: 1749-799X