Table 2 The diagnostic criteria of PJI of the shoulder
From: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections
Major criteria (at least one of the following) | |
Presence of a sinus tract from the skin surface to the prosthesis | |
Gross intra-articular pus | |
Two positive tissue cultures with phenotypically identical virulent organisms | |
Minor criteria (combined scoring system) | |
Unexpected wound drainage | |
Single-positive tissue culture with virulent organism | |
Single-positive tissue culture with low-virulence organism | |
Second-positive tissue culture (identical low-virulence organism) | |
Humeral loosening | |
Positive frozen section | |
Positive preoperative aspirate culture | |
Elevated synovial neutrophil percentage | |
Elevated synovial WBC count | |
Elevated ESR | |
Elevated CRP level | |
Elevated synovial Alpha-defensin level | |
Cloudy fluid |