Table 1 Characteristics of the 7 included studies
First author | Ken Nagahama | Chao Li | Seiji Ohtori | Sang-Mok Kim | Chao-Wei Tu | Fei Chen | Qirui Ding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Publication year | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2014 | 2016 | 2017 |
Study location | Japan | China | Japan | South Korea | China | China | China |
Surgical methods | Single-level PLIF | TLIF(with 23 one level, 16 two levels, 2 three levels in BPs group, 21 one level, 19 two levels, 1 three levels in control group) | Decompression and posterolateral fusion surgery at the level of spondylolisthesis | Single-level PLIF | Lumbar interbody fusion surgery (with 23 one level, 9 two levels in BPs group, 24 one level, 8 two levels in control group) | Single-level PLIF | TLIF |
Number of patients in BPs/control group | 19/17 | 41/41 | 20/22 | 22/22 | 32/32 | 33/36 | 30/34 |
Number of male patients in BPs/control group | 1/1 | 13/16 | 0/0 | 9 | 5/6 | 6/7 | 3/4 |
Diseases type and number of diseases in BPs/control group | Degenerative spondylolisthesis (15), isthmic spondylolisthesis (1), foraminal stenosis (3)/degenerative spondylolisthesis (14), isthmic spondylolisthesis (1), foraminal stenosis (2) | Degenerative disc disease alone (26), isthmic or degenerative spondylolisthesis (12), recurrent disc herniations (3)/degenerative disc disease alone (25), isthmic or degenerative spondylolisthesis (14), recurrent disc herniations (2) | Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis | - | Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis | Single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis and diagnosis of osteoporosis | - |
Number of operative levels in BPs/control group | L3-4 (1), L4-5 (14), L5-S1 (4)/L2-3 (1), L3-4 (3), L4-5 (12), L5-S1 (1) | L2-3 (1), L3-4 (7), L4-5 (27), L5-S1 (26)/L2-3 (1), L3-4 (5), L4-5 (31), L5-S1 (25) | - | - | - | L4-5 (24), L5-S1 (9)/L4-5 (25), L5-S1 (11) | - |
Mean age of patients in BPs/control group | 70.2/67.4 | 63.63 (SE 6.36)/63.83 (SE 5.70) | 75 (SD 5)/77 (SD 5.8) | 64.7 (range 60–74) | 70.8 (SD 6.09)/69.7 (SD 6.02) | 65 (SD 8)/63 (SD 7) | 64.53 (SD 6.86)/66.44 (SD 6.44) |
Mean BMI of patients in BPs/control group | - | 23.01 (SE 3.53)/22.76 (SE 3.54) | - | - | 31 (SD 2.1)/30 (SD 1.8) | Â | 23.98 (SD 2.32)/24.12 (SD 2.07) |
Intervention methods in BPs/control group | Alendronate sodium 35 mg per week/ alfacalcidol 1 mg per day | An infusion of ZOL (5 mg, 100 ml) or physiological saline (100 ml) was administered 3 days after the surgery. | Risedronate2.5 mg per day for 10 months/no medication | Alendronate sodium 35 mg per week/no medication | Zoledronate 5 mg IV infusion 3 d after surgery and once-yearly thereafter/no medication | Zoledronic acid infusion (5mg), or the same volume of saline after surgery. | Intravenous zoledronic acid 5 mg at 3rd–5th days after operation/no medication |
Background treatment | - | Calcium (1,000 mg/day) and vitamin D (400 IU/day) orally | - | - | - | Daily 1000 mg calcium and 800 IU vitamin D | Oral calcium 600 mg and vitamin D 800 IU |
Preoperative lumbar spine BMD t-score in BPs/control group | −1.9/−2.2 | Less than −1.5 (7), −1.5 to −2.5 (14), no less than −2.5 (20)/less than −1.5 (9), −1.5 to −2.5 (13),no less than −2.5 (19) | - | -3.75/-3.98 | −3.1 (SD 0.59)/−2.9 (SD 0.5) | BMD of lumbar spine (L1-4) 0.709 (SD 0.003)g/cm2/0.698 (SD 0.004)g/cm2 | - |
Preoperative mean ODI scores in BPs/control group | 20.3/21.6 | - | 36 (SD 10)/40 (SD 10) | - | 63.5 (SD 6.3)/64 (SD 5.67) | 20.8 (SD 2.6)/21.9 (SD 2.6) | 39.2 (SD 2.27)/38.7 (SD 2.69) |
Mean follow-up duration | 12 months | 12 months | 1 year | 33.8 months | 24 months | 1 year | 30 months |