|
Characteristics
|
Recurrence, n=32 (%)
|
Non-recurrence, n=320 (%)
|
Total, n=352 (%)
|
|---|
|
Age
| | | |
|
<40
|
12 (37.50)
|
101 (31.56)
|
113 (32.10)
|
|
≥40, <60
|
16 (50.00)
|
172 (53.75)
|
188 (53.41)
|
|
≥60
|
4 (12.50)
|
47 (14.69)
|
51 (14.49)
|
|
Gender
| | | |
|
Female
|
14 (43.75)
|
108 (33.75)
|
122 (34.66)
|
|
Male
|
18 (56.25)
|
212 (66.25)
|
230 (65.34)
|
|
Height (m)
| | | |
|
<1.6
|
4 (12.50)
|
49 (15.31)
|
53 (15.06)
|
|
≥1.6, <1.7
|
15 (46.88)
|
120 (37.50)
|
135 (38.35)
|
|
≥1.7, <1.8
|
9 (28.13)
|
135 (42.19)
|
144 (40.91)
|
|
≥1.8
|
4 (12.50)
|
16 (5.00)
|
20 (5.68)
|
|
Weight (kg)
| | | |
|
<50
|
0 (0.00)
|
11 (3.44)
|
11 (3.13)
|
|
≥50, <60
|
10 (31.25)
|
58 (18.13)
|
68 (19.32)
|
|
≥60, <70
|
12 (37.50)
|
131 (40.94)
|
143 (40.63)
|
|
≥70, <80
|
5 (15.63)
|
73 (22.81)
|
78 (22.16)
|
|
≥80, <90
|
3 (9.38)
|
36 (11.25)
|
39 (11.08)
|
|
≥90, <100
|
0 (0.00)
|
5 (1.56)
|
5 (1.42)
|
|
≥100
|
2 (6.25)
|
6 (1.88)
|
8 (2.27)
|
|
BMI
| | | |
|
<18.5
|
1 (3.13)
|
7 (2.19)
|
8 (2.27)
|
|
≥18.5, <24
|
18 (56.25)
|
159 (49.69)
|
177 (50.28)
|
|
≥24, <27
|
6 (18.75)
|
107 (33.44)
|
113 (32.10)
|
|
≥27, <30
|
4 (12.50)
|
32 (10.00)
|
36 (10.23)
|
|
≥30
|
3 (9.38)
|
15 (4.69)
|
18 (5.11)
|
|
Occupation
| | | |
|
Sedentary occupation
|
4 (12.50)
|
24 (7.50)
|
28 (7.95)
|
|
Physical work
|
19 (59.38)
|
206 (64.38)
|
225 (63.92)
|
|
Others
|
9 (28.13)
|
90 (28.13)
|
99 (28.13)
|
|
Education
| | | |
|
Primary and secondary school
|
23 (71.88)
|
217 (67.81)
|
240 (68.18)
|
|
High school
|
6 (18.75)
|
40 (12.50)
|
46 (13.07)
|
|
College
|
3 (9.38)
|
63 (19.69)
|
66 (18.75)
|
|
Household registration
| | | |
|
Rural registration
|
15 (46.88)
|
164 (51.25)
|
179 (50.85)
|
|
Urban registration
|
17 (53.13)
|
156 (48.75)
|
173 (49.15)
|
|
Course of disease (months)
| | | |
|
<12
|
17 (53.13)
|
267 (83.44)
|
284 (80.68)
|
|
≥12, <60
|
7 (21.88)
|
47 (14.69)
|
54 (15.34)
|
|
≥60, <120
|
4 (12.50)
|
3 (0.94)
|
7 (1.99)
|
|
≥120
|
4 (12.50)
|
3 (0.94)
|
7 (1.99)
|
|
Smoking
| | | |
|
No
|
24 (75.00)
|
228 (71.25)
|
252 (71.59)
|
|
Yes
|
8 (25.00)
|
92 (28.75)
|
100 (28.41)
|
|
Drinking
| | | |
|
No
|
25 (78.13)
|
239 (74.69)
|
264 (75.00)
|
|
Yes
|
7 (21.88)
|
81 (25.31)
|
88 (25.00)
|
|
Diabetes
| | | |
|
No
|
31 (96.88)
|
299 (93.44)
|
330 (93.75)
|
|
Yes
|
1 (3.13)
|
21 (6.56)
|
22 (6.25)
|
|
Hypertension
| | | |
|
No
|
25 (78.13)
|
259 (80.94)
|
284 (80.68)
|
|
Yes
|
7 (21.88)
|
61 (19.06)
|
68 (19.32)
|
|
Type of surgery
| | | |
|
PEID
|
17 (53.13)
|
197 (61.56)
|
214 (60.80)
|
|
PETD
|
15 (46.88)
|
123 (38.44)
|
138 (39.20)
|
|
Operation time (min)
| | | |
|
<30
|
2 (6.25)
|
43 (13.44)
|
45 (12.78)
|
|
≥30, <60
|
24 (75.00)
|
240 (75.00)
|
264 (75.00)
|
|
≥60
|
6 (18.75)
|
37 (11.56)
|
43 (12.22)
|
|
Pfirrmann grade
| | | |
|
Grade III
|
11 (34.38)
|
187 (58.44)
|
198 (56.25)
|
|
Grade IV
|
21 (65.63)
|
133 (41.56)
|
154 (43.75)
|
|
Modic change
| | | |
|
No
|
16 (50.00)
|
249 (77.81)
|
265 (75.28)
|
|
Type I
|
2 (6.25)
|
4 (1.25)
|
6 (1.70)
|
|
Type II
|
13 (40.63)
|
65 (20.31)
|
78 (22.16)
|
|
Type III
|
1 (3.13)
|
2 (0.63)
|
3 (0.85)
|
|
Level of herniated disk
| | | |
|
L3/L4
|
2 (6.25)
|
12 (3.75)
|
14 (3.98)
|
|
L4/L5
|
18 (56.25)
|
165 (51.56)
|
183 (51.99)
|
|
L5/S1
|
12 (37.5)
|
143 (44.69)
|
155 (44.03)
|
|
Herniated size
| | | |
|
Grade 1
|
6 (18.75)
|
36 (11.25)
|
42 (11.93)
|
|
Grade 2
|
17 (53.13)
|
208 (65.00)
|
225 (63.92)
|
|
Grade 3
|
9 (28.13)
|
76 (23.75)
|
85 (24.15)
|
|
Migration grade
| | | |
|
Central
|
13 (40.63)
|
194 (60.63)
|
207 (58.81)
|
|
Downward, low-grade
|
15 (46.88)
|
88 (27.50)
|
103 (29.26)
|
|
Downward, high-grade
|
1 (3.13)
|
22 (6.88)
|
23 (6.53)
|
|
Upward, low-grade
|
2 (6.25)
|
13 (4.06)
|
15 (4.26)
|
|
Upward, high-grade
|
1 (3.13)
|
3 (0.94)
|
4 (1.14)
|
|
Herniation direction
| | | |
|
Central
|
1 (3.13)
|
3 (0.94)
|
4 (1.14)
|
|
Left
|
13 (40.63)
|
177 (55.31)
|
190 (53.98)
|
|
Right
|
18 (56.25)
|
140 (43.75)
|
158 (44.89)
|
|
Herniation location
| | | |
|
Axillary type
|
9 (28.13)
|
136 (42.50)
|
145 (41.19)
|
|
Shoulder type
|
22 (68.75)
|
151 (47.19)
|
173 (49.15)
|
|
Others
|
1 (3.13)
|
33 (10.31)
|
34 (9.66)
|
|
Disk height (mm)
| | | |
|
<9.535
|
15 (46.88)
|
161 (50.31)
|
176 (50.00)
|
|
≥9.535
|
17 (53.13)
|
159 (49.69)
|
176 (50.00)
|
|
Disk length (mm)
| | | |
|
<53.965
|
14 (43.75)
|
162 (50.63)
|
176 (50.00)
|
|
≥53.965
|
18 (56.25)
|
158 (49.38)
|
176 (50.00)
|
|
Disk width (mm)
| | | |
|
<38.315
|
18 (56.25)
|
158 (49.38)
|
176 (50.00)
|
|
≥38.315
|
14 (43.75)
|
162 (50.63)
|
176 (50.00)
|
|
Disk size (mm2)
| | | |
|
<6455
|
14 (43.75)
|
162 (50.63)
|
176 (50.00)
|
|
≥6455
|
18 (56.25)
|
158 (49.38)
|
176 (50.00)
|
- Abbreviations: PETD percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy, PEID percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy
