Table 1 Characteristics of recurrence and non-recurrence patients

Age

 <40

12 (37.50)

101 (31.56)

113 (32.10)

 ≥40, <60

16 (50.00)

172 (53.75)

188 (53.41)

 ≥60

4 (12.50)

47 (14.69)

51 (14.49)

Gender

 Female

14 (43.75)

108 (33.75)

122 (34.66)

 Male

18 (56.25)

212 (66.25)

230 (65.34)

Height (m)

 <1.6

4 (12.50)

49 (15.31)

53 (15.06)

 ≥1.6, <1.7

15 (46.88)

120 (37.50)

135 (38.35)

 ≥1.7, <1.8

9 (28.13)

135 (42.19)

144 (40.91)

 ≥1.8

4 (12.50)

16 (5.00)

20 (5.68)

Weight (kg)

 <50

0 (0.00)

11 (3.44)

11 (3.13)

 ≥50, <60

10 (31.25)

58 (18.13)

68 (19.32)

 ≥60, <70

12 (37.50)

131 (40.94)

143 (40.63)

 ≥70, <80

5 (15.63)

73 (22.81)

78 (22.16)

 ≥80, <90

3 (9.38)

36 (11.25)

39 (11.08)

 ≥90, <100

0 (0.00)

5 (1.56)

5 (1.42)

 ≥100

2 (6.25)

6 (1.88)

8 (2.27)

BMI

 <18.5

1 (3.13)

7 (2.19)

8 (2.27)

 ≥18.5, <24

18 (56.25)

159 (49.69)

177 (50.28)

 ≥24, <27

6 (18.75)

107 (33.44)

113 (32.10)

 ≥27, <30

4 (12.50)

32 (10.00)

36 (10.23)

 ≥30

3 (9.38)

15 (4.69)

18 (5.11)

Occupation

 Sedentary occupation

4 (12.50)

24 (7.50)

28 (7.95)

 Physical work

19 (59.38)

206 (64.38)

225 (63.92)

 Others

9 (28.13)

90 (28.13)

99 (28.13)

Education

 Primary and secondary school

23 (71.88)

217 (67.81)

240 (68.18)

 High school

6 (18.75)

40 (12.50)

46 (13.07)

 College

3 (9.38)

63 (19.69)

66 (18.75)

Household registration

 Rural registration

15 (46.88)

164 (51.25)

179 (50.85)

 Urban registration

17 (53.13)

156 (48.75)

173 (49.15)

Course of disease (months)

 <12

17 (53.13)

267 (83.44)

284 (80.68)

 ≥12, <60

7 (21.88)

47 (14.69)

54 (15.34)

 ≥60, <120

4 (12.50)

3 (0.94)

7 (1.99)

 ≥120

4 (12.50)

3 (0.94)

7 (1.99)

Smoking

 No

24 (75.00)

228 (71.25)

252 (71.59)

 Yes

8 (25.00)

92 (28.75)

100 (28.41)

Drinking

 No

25 (78.13)

239 (74.69)

264 (75.00)

 Yes

7 (21.88)

81 (25.31)

88 (25.00)

Diabetes

 No

31 (96.88)

299 (93.44)

330 (93.75)

 Yes

1 (3.13)

21 (6.56)

22 (6.25)

Hypertension

 No

25 (78.13)

259 (80.94)

284 (80.68)

 Yes

7 (21.88)

61 (19.06)

68 (19.32)

Type of surgery

 PEID

17 (53.13)

197 (61.56)

214 (60.80)

 PETD

15 (46.88)

123 (38.44)

138 (39.20)

Operation time (min)

 <30

2 (6.25)

43 (13.44)

45 (12.78)

 ≥30, <60

24 (75.00)

240 (75.00)

264 (75.00)

 ≥60

6 (18.75)

37 (11.56)

43 (12.22)

Pfirrmann grade

 Grade III

11 (34.38)

187 (58.44)

198 (56.25)

 Grade IV

21 (65.63)

133 (41.56)

154 (43.75)

Modic change

 No

16 (50.00)

249 (77.81)

265 (75.28)

 Type I

2 (6.25)

4 (1.25)

6 (1.70)

 Type II

13 (40.63)

65 (20.31)

78 (22.16)

 Type III

1 (3.13)

2 (0.63)

3 (0.85)

Level of herniated disk

 L3/L4

2 (6.25)

12 (3.75)

14 (3.98)

 L4/L5

18 (56.25)

165 (51.56)

183 (51.99)

 L5/S1

12 (37.5)

143 (44.69)

155 (44.03)

Herniated size

 Grade 1

6 (18.75)

36 (11.25)

42 (11.93)

 Grade 2

17 (53.13)

208 (65.00)

225 (63.92)

 Grade 3

9 (28.13)

76 (23.75)

85 (24.15)

Migration grade

 Central

13 (40.63)

194 (60.63)

207 (58.81)

 Downward, low-grade

15 (46.88)

88 (27.50)

103 (29.26)

 Downward, high-grade

1 (3.13)

22 (6.88)

23 (6.53)

 Upward, low-grade

2 (6.25)

13 (4.06)

15 (4.26)

 Upward, high-grade

1 (3.13)

3 (0.94)

4 (1.14)

Herniation direction

 Central

1 (3.13)

3 (0.94)

4 (1.14)

 Left

13 (40.63)

177 (55.31)

190 (53.98)

 Right

18 (56.25)

140 (43.75)

158 (44.89)

Herniation location

 Axillary type

9 (28.13)

136 (42.50)

145 (41.19)

 Shoulder type

22 (68.75)

151 (47.19)

173 (49.15)

 Others

1 (3.13)

33 (10.31)

34 (9.66)

Disk height (mm)

 <9.535

15 (46.88)

161 (50.31)

176 (50.00)

 ≥9.535

17 (53.13)

159 (49.69)

176 (50.00)

Disk length (mm)

 <53.965

14 (43.75)

162 (50.63)

176 (50.00)

 ≥53.965

18 (56.25)

158 (49.38)

176 (50.00)

Disk width (mm)

 <38.315

18 (56.25)

158 (49.38)

176 (50.00)

 ≥38.315

14 (43.75)

162 (50.63)

176 (50.00)

Disk size (mm²)

 <6455

14 (43.75)

162 (50.63)

176 (50.00)

 ≥6455

18 (56.25)

158 (49.38)

176 (50.00)