Table 2 Characteristics of participants resulted from low-fall and high-fall (N = 775)

Age (years)

χ² = 170.039, P < 0.001

 0–15

17 (8.0%)

12 (2.1%)

 16–30

20 (9.4%)

172 (30.6%)

 31–45

33 (15.6%)

205 (36.4%)

 46–60

88 (41.5%)

162 (28.8%)

 61 and above

54 (25.5%)

12 (2.1%)

Sex

χ² = 2.332, P = 0.127

 Male

167 (78.8%)

470 (83.5%)

 Female

45 (21.2%)

93 (16.5%)

Neurological level of injury

χ² = 134.059, P < 0.001

 Tetraplegia

153 (72.2%)

150 (26.6%)

 Paraplegia

59 (27.8%)

413 (73.4%)

AIS grade

χ² = 103.288, P < 0.001^#

 A

49 (23.1%)

316 (56.1%)

 B

31 (14.6%)

108 (19.2%)

 C

53 (25.0%)

67 (11.9%)

 D

79 (37.3%)

69 (12.3%)

 E

0 (0.0%)

3 (0.5%)

Cases with spine surgery

186 (87.7%)

555 (98.6%)

χ² = 43.168, P < 0.001

Vertebrae fracture or dislocation

χ² = 275.529, P < 0.001

 Yes

92 (43.4%)

538 (95.6%)

 No

120 (56.60%)

25 (4.40%)

Major vertebrae fracture or dislocation

χ² = 49.240, P < 0.001^#

 C1–C2

3 (3.2%)

1 (0.2%)

 C3–C7

50 (53.8%)

124 (23.0%)

 T1–T4

0 (0.0%)

10 (1.9%)

 T5–T9

11 (11.8%)

52 (9.7%)

 T10–L2

28 (30.1%)

330 (61.3%)

 L3–L5

1 (1.1%)

21 (3.9%)

Complication

χ² = 0.422, P = 0.516

 Yes

149 (70.3%)

382 (67.9%)

 No

63 (29.7%)

181 (32.1%)

 Extremity bones fracture

11 (5.2%)

131 (23.3%)

χ² = 33.638, P < 0.001

 Craniocerebral injury

38 (17.9%)

129 (22.9%)

χ² = 2.267, P = 0.132

 Thoracic injury

6 (2.8%)

111 (19.7%)

χ² = 34.258, P < 0.001

 Abdominal injury

1 (0.5%)

28 (5.0%)

χ² = 8.665, P = 0.003

 Pelvis fracture

0 (0.0%)

27 (4.8%)

χ² = 10.534, P = 0.001

 ≥ 1 extraspinal lesions

50 (23.6%)

300 (53.3%)

χ² = 54.857, P < 0.001

 ≥ 2 extraspinal lesions

6 (2.8%)

101 (17.9%)

χ² = 29.545, P < 0.001

Median time from injury to rehabilitation (IQR)

41 (21, 110.5)

50 (25,126)

P = 0.043*

Rehabilitation LOS

78.5 (33, 150.25)

112 (58, 215)

P < 0.001*