Table 5 Summary of ESWT and outcomes in identified studies

Furia

2006

ESWT (high energy)

3

Failed

12

VAS: 7.9 to 2.8

*

VAS: − 4.49

VISA-A: 47.5 to 76.2

Satisfaction: 73.7% (101/137)

AOFAS: 68.2 to 84.5

Satisfaction: 82.9%

Rompe

2008

ESWT (low energy)

1

Failed

12

VAS: 7.0 to 3.0

*

VISA-A: 53.2 to 79.4

*

Satisfaction: 64%

Saxena

2011

ESWT (low energy)

2

None

12-24

Satisfaction: 82.4%

Notarnicola

2012

ESWT (low energy)+dietary

1

None

6

VAS: 7.1 to 2.0

*

AOFAS: 70.6 to 92.4

*

Oximetry: 75.4% to 60.2%

*

Satisfaction: 93.8%

Notarnicola

2012

ESWT (low energy)+placebo

1

None

6

VAS: 7.1 to 2.9

*

AOFAS: 65.8 to 76.5

*

Oximetry: 73.0% to 66.0%

*

Satisfaction: 38.5%

Taylor

2016

ESWT (low energy)

4

Failed

24

VAS: 6.7 to 2.8

*

VISA-A: 43 to 70

*

Wu

2016

ESWT (low energy)

3

Failed

14.5

VISA-A: 49.6 to 83.9

*

Likert: 3.92 to 1.57

*

Wu

2016

ESWT (low energy) (with Haglund’s deformity)

3

Failed

15.3

VISA-A: 48.7 to 67.8

*

Likert: 4.0 to 2.37

*

Maffulli

2018

ESWT (low energy)

4

Failed

24

VAS: 5.9 to 1.8

*

VISA-A: 42.0 to 72.3

*

EQ-5D (anxiety): 1.36 to 1.1

n.s.

EQ-5D (mobility): 1.71 to 1.35

*

EQ-5D (pain): 2.0 to 1.52

*

EQ-5D (usual activity): 1.8 to 1.35

*

EQ-5D (self-care): 1.11 to 1.0

n.s.

EQ-5D (thermometer): 65.3 to 77.3

n.s.

Pinitkwamdee

2020

ESWT (low energy)+conservative (without ECC)

1

Failed

6

VAS: 6.0 to 2.8

*

VAS-FA: 64.8 to 77.2

n.s.

Pain: 54.4 to 70.1

n.s.

Function: 60.1 to 76.0

n.s.

Other complaints: 80.0 to 85.8

n.s.

Zhang

2020

ESWT (low energy)

3

None

60

VAS: 7.0 to 0.3

*

VISA-A: 56 to 90

*

Zhang

2020

ESWT (low energy)

3

None

60

VAS:7.0 to 1.6

*

VISA-A: 51 to 78

*