Table 1 Characteristics of included studies and population
From: Nonoperative treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review
No. | Study | Year | LOE | Study design | Country | No. of patients (tendons) | Activity level | Age (year) | Duration of symptoms (month) | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fahlström et al. | 2003 | 4 | Prospective | Sweden | 30 (31) | Recreational | 37.9 | 32 | CE, US, MRI, X-ray |
2 | Öhberg et al. | 2003 | 4 | Pilot study | Sweden | 11 (11) | Mixed | 44 | 29 | CE, US |
3 | Costantino et al. | 2005 | 3 | Retrospective | Italy | Group A 5 (5) | Professional | 32.7 | ≥ 2 | CE, US |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Group B 5 (5) | Professional | 32.7 | ≥ 2 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Group C 5 (5) | Professional | 32.7 | ≥ 2 |  |
4 | Furia et al. | 2006 | 3 | Retrospective | USA | Group A 35 (35) | Mixed | 50 | 19.9 | CE, MRI, X-ray |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Group B 33 (33) | Mixed | 52.6 | 16.8 | Â |
5 | Knobloch et al. | 2007 | 4 | Prospective | Germany | 10 (10) | Recreational | NR | ≥ 3 | CE, US |
6 | Rompe et al. | 2008 | 1 | RCT | Germany | 25 (30) | Mixed | 39.2 | 24.8 | CE, US, X-ray |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 25 (31) | Mixed | 40.4 | 26.3 | Â |
7 | Jonsson et al. | 2008 | 4 | Pilot study | Sweden | 27 (34) | Recreational | 53.4 | 26.5 | CE, US |
8 | Ryan et al. | 2010 | 4 | Case series | Canada | NR (22) | NR | NR | ≥ 6 | CE, US |
9 | Verrall et al. | 2011 | 4 | Retrospective | Australia | 14 (14) | Professional | NR | 4.5 | CE |
10 | Saxena et al. | 2011 | 2 | Prospective | USA | NR (19) | NR | 54.3 | NR | CE, MRI, X-ray |
11 | Notarnicola et al. | 2012 | 1 | RCT | Italy | Group A 32 (32) | NR | NR | 6 | CE, US, MRI, X-ray |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Group B 32 (32) | NR | NR | 6 | Â |
12 | Notarnicola et al. | 2013 | 2 | RCT | Italy | Group A 30 (30) | NR | 57.5 | ≥ 6 | CE, US, MRI, X-ray |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Group B 30 (30) | NR | 59.5 | ≥ 6 |  |
13 | Kedia et al. | 2014 | 2 | RCT | USA | Group A 16 (19) | Mixed | 51.7 | 18.5 | CE |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Group B 20 (20) | Mixed | 55.3 | 18.3 | Â |
14 | McCormack et al. | 2016 | 2 | RCT | USA | Group A 6 (6) | NR | 53.3 | 21.9 | CE |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Group B 6 (6) | NR | 53.9 | 20.8 | Â |
15 | Taylor et al. | 2016 | 4 | Prospective | UK | 12 (12) | NR | 54 | 42 | CE, US |
16 | Pavone et al. | 2016 | 4 | Case series | Italy | 40 (40) | NR | 41 | ≥ 3 | CE, X-ray |
17 | Wu et al. | 2016 | 3 | Retrospective | China | Group A 37 (37) | NR | 37.6 | ≥ 6 | CE, X-ray |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Group B 30 (30) | NR | 35.8 | ≥ 6 |  |
18 | Erroi et al. | 2017 | 3 | Retrospective | Italy | Group A 24 (24) | Mixed | 53.2 | 13.7 | CE, US |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Group B 21 (21) | Mixed | 47.7 | 14.3 | Â |
19 | Maffulli et al. | 2018 | 4 | Case series | UK | 80 (80) | NR | 53.4 | NR | CE |
20 | Wheeler et al. | 2019 | 4 | Case series | UK | 30 (30) | NR | 55.4 | 21 | CE |
21 | Mansur et al. | 2019 | 3 | Prospective | Brazil | 19 (19) | NR | 51 | NR | CE, US, X-ray |
22 | Pinitkwamdee et al. | 2020 | 1 | RCT | Thailand | Group A 16 (22) | Mixed | 61.4 | 7.5 | CE,X-ray |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Group B 15 (16) | Mixed | 56.5 | 12 | Â |
23 | Zhang et al. | 2020 | 3 | Retrospective | China | Group A 16 (16) | Sports-active | 31 | ≥ 3 | CE, US, MRI |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Group B 17 (17) | Nonsports-active | 37 | ≥ 3 |  |