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Table 6 Risk factors for readmission or AEs with GRADE analysis

From: Serious adverse events and 30-day hospital readmission rate following elective total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 

GRADE analysis

Risk factor

Studies with statistically positive correlation (refs)

Studies with no correlation (refs)

Studies not reporting

Study limitations

Inconsistency

Indirect-ness

Impreci-sion

Publica-tion bias

Mod/Large effect size

Dose effect

Overall quality

Age

13

2

3

v

v

v

v

v

x

v

(+++)

Obesity

6

4

7

v

x

x

x

v

x

x

(+)

DM

5

3

11

v

x

x

x

?

x

x

(+)

Cardiac disease

5

2

11

v

v

x

x

x

x

x

(+)

Hypertension

2

4

12

v

x

x

x

x

x

x

(+)

Previous CVA

1

2

16

v

x

x

x

x

x

x

(+)

ASA: 3 - 4

8

1

9

v

v

v

v

?

x

v

(+++)

Operative time > 135 min

3

2

14

v

x

x

x

x

x

v

(+)

LOS > 4 d

5

0

14

v

v

x

v

x

x

x

(++)

Female gender

4

2

2

x

x

v

v

v

x

x

(++)

Male gender

10

2

1

v

x

v

v

v

x

x

(++)

Anesthesia (general vs spinal, epidural, regional)

2

0

17

v

?

x

v

x

x

x

(+)

Black race

5

3

11

v

?

x

v

x

x

x

(+)

In-hospital complications

3

0

15

v

v

x

v

x

v

x

(++)

Discharge disposition (any facility vs home)

5

1

13

v

v

x

v

x

x

x

(++)

Pulmonary disease

8

1

9

v

v

v

v

?

x

x

(++)

Fluid electrolyte disorder

2

2

15

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

(+)

Renal failure

4

1

14

v

?

x

v

x

x

x

(+)

Simultaneous bilateral TKAs

2

3

14

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

(+)

Revision TKA

4

0

14

x

v

x

v

x

x

x

(+)

  1. GRADE factors: , no serious limitations; ✖, serious limitations (or not present for moderate/large effect size, dose effect); ?, unclear whether limitations are serious; overall quality of evidence: +, low; ++, moderate; +++, high.
  2. The risk factors that had ≥ 5 scores of “no serious limitations” were determined to be high quality. Those that had 3–4 scores of “no serious limitations” were determined to be of moderate quality. Risk factors with < 3 scores of “no serious limitations” were determined to be low quality.