Preliminary outcomes of allograft and hydroxyapatite as substitutes for autograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking standalone cages

Table 5 Clinical results

	Group A	Group B	Group C	P
Duration of clinical follow-up (months)	45.4 ± 5.8	35.5 ± 13.0	21.1 ± 4.4	0.000
Pre-VAS score	3.7 ± 3.2	4.1 ± 2.6	4.5 ± 2.7	0.721
Post-VAS score	1.3 ± 1.6	1.8 ± 1.9	1.8 ± 1.5	0.564
∆VAS score (%)	66.3 ± 32.7	30.4 ± 83.6	42.7 ± 48.0	0.311
Pre-JOA score	12.6 ± 2.6	12.3 ± 1.7	12.2 ± 2.9	0.900
Post-JOA score	14.2 ± 2.3	13.8 ± 2.2	13.9 ± 2.9	0.868
∆JOA score (%)	28.8 ± 57.3	22.0 ± 61.0	30.3 ± 35.9	0.898
Pre-NDI score	31.0 ± 13.7	33.4 ± 18.0	36.1 ± 16.0	0.651
Post-NDI score	13.7 ± 11.1	17.8 ± 18.1	18.5 ± 13.9	0.593
∆NDI score (%)	17.2 ± 16.5	15.7 ± 22.8	17.6 ± 20.2	0.958
Odom's criteria
excellent or good	14(77.8%)	8(50.0%)	10(66.7%)	0.255
satisfactory	2(11.1%)	3(18.8%)	2(13.3%)
bad	2(11.1%)	5(31.3%)	3(20.0%)

Notes: Data shown as mean ± standard deviation
Pre-VAS score is the abbreviation of preoperative VAS score, and post-VAS score is the abbreviation of preoperative VAS score. Pre-JOA score, post-JOA score, pre-NDI score, and post-NDI score are similar abbreviations
∆VAS score, ∆JOA score, and ∆NDI score showed the improvement rate of VAS score, JOA score, and NDI score after operation compared with those before operation
∆VAS score = (preoperative VAS score - postoperative VAS score)/preoperative VAS score × 100%
∆JOA score = (postoperative JOA score - preoperative JOA score)/(17-preoperative JOA score) × 100%
NDI score (%) = [(total score)/(number of items completed by subjects × 5)] × 100%; ∆NDI score (%) = preoperative NDI score (%) - postoperative NDI score (%)
P is the P value of comparison among groups A, B, and C
The post-VAS score of each group was significantly better than pre-VAS score. The P values of groups A, B, and C were 0.001, 0.011, and 0.004, respectively
The post-JOA score of each group was significantly better than Pre-JOA score. The P values of group A, B and C were 0.001, 0.017 and 0.020, respectively
The post-NDI score of each group was significantly better than the pre-NDI score. The P values of groups A, B, and C were 0.000, 0.015, and 0.004, respectively

ISSN: 1749-799X