Fig. 2

Intraoperative fluoroscopic images of the surgical procedure of the TPRPA PVP. a Posteroanterior fluoroscopy: the needle tip was located at the junction between the root of the transverse process and the pedicle. b Lateral fluoroscopy: the needle tip was approximately located one-third posterior to the pedicle. c, d Lateral and posteroanterior fluoroscopies: the cannula tip reached the posterior margin of the vertebral body and the inner wall of the pedicle. e, f Posteroanterior and lateral fluoroscopies; the needle tip reached the middle of the vertebral body. g, h Lateral fuoroscopies: the cannula reached the anterior part of the vertebral body and begun to inject bone cement. i, j Lateral and posteroanterior fluoroscopies: bone cement injection was complete