Skip to main content

Table 1 Overview and critical appraisal of the identified studies

From: Cannabinoids and orthopedic surgery: a systematic review of therapeutic studies

Study

Beaulieu [17]

Haroutounian et al. [26]

Hickernell et al. [9]

Holdcroft et al. [25]

Hunter et al.a [18]

Jain et al. [19]

Levin et al. [20]

Mondello et al. [27]

Notcutt et al. [22]

Poli et al. [28]

Ware et al. [21]

Yassin et al. [23]

Yassin et al. [24]

Year

2006

2016

2018

2006

2018

1981

2017

2018

2004

2016

2005

2016

2019

Design

RCT

Case series

Retrospective cohort

Dose escalation

RCT

RCT

RCT

Case series

Cross over

Case series

Prospective cohort

Cross over

Cross over

TLE

I

IV

III

II

I

I

I

IV

IV

IV

II

IV

IV

Quality of evidence

M

VL

L

M

M

M

M

VL

L

LV

L

VL

VL

Analgesic effect

−

+

+

+

+b

+

0

+

+

+

+

+

+

Opioid use

No change

Decrease

Decrease

Decrease

X

X

No change

X

X

X

X

Decrease

Decrease

  1. This chart contains identified studies, the date of publication, overall assessment of efficacy regarding analgesic effect and change in opioid use, therapeutic level of evidence was assigned as outlined by JBJS and quality was assigned by GRADE. (+) a positive effect was noted, (0) a null effect was noted, (−) a negative effect was noted, (X) opioid consumption not examined in study
  2. aAbstract only
  3. bConditionally effective