Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in meta-analysis
Author | Year | Country | Sample number | Women (%) | Average age (years) | Intervention | Supplemental analgesic drugs | Operative type | Follow-up | Endpoints | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COX-2 inhibitors | Control | COX-2 inhibitors | Control | COX-2 inhibitors | Control | COX-2 inhibitors | Control | |||||||
Buvanendran [12] | 2003 | USA | 35 | 35 | 27 (77) | 20 (57) | 60.0 ± 10.1 | 62.1 ± 9.8 | Rofecoxib: orally, preoperative 50 mg 1 to 2 h and 24 h, postoperative 50 mg/day for 5 days, 25 mg/day for another 8 days | Placebo: orally, for 14 days | Opioid | TKA | 14 days | Nausea, vomiting |
Rasmussen [13] | 2005 | USA | 80 | 75 | 50 (62.5) | 43 (57.3) | 65.3 ± 10.9 | 63.9 ± 11.5 | Etoricoxib: orally, postoperative 120 mg/day for 7 days | Placebo: orally, for 7 days | Opioid | TKA/THA | 7 days | Nausea, dizziness, fever, edema, constipation, diarrhea, headache |
Viscusi a [14] | 2008 | USA | 161 | 159 | 99 (59.3) | 87 (52.1) | 60.7 ± 13.5 | 59.2 ± 13.8 | Parecoxib: orally, postoperative 20 mg bid from day 2 to day 5 | Placebo: orally, from day 2 to day 5 after surgery | PCA pump or IV bolus: morphine, parecoxib (day 1) | THA | 5 days | Morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dizziness, fever, edema, lethargy, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea, headache |
Viscusi b [14] | 2008 | USA | 159 | 159 | 90 (54.2) | 87 (52.1) | 59.3 ± 13.0 | 59.2 ± 13.8 | Parecoxib: orally, postoperative 20 mg/day from day 2 to day 5 | Placebo: orally, from day 2 to day 5 after surgery | PCA pump or IV bolus: morphine, parecoxib (day 1) | THA | 5 days | Morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dizziness, fever, edema, lethargy, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea, headache |
Ittichaikulthol a [15] | 2010 | USA | 40 | 40 | 29 (72.5) | 32 (80) | 68.33 ± 7.59 | 64.00 ± 7.41 | Celecoxib: 400 mg orally 1 h before surgery | Placebo: orally, 1 h before surgery | Pump: morphine 1 mg | TKA/THA | 1 day | Morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting, pruritus |
Ittichaikulthol b [15] | 2010 | USA | 40 | 40 | 27 (67.5) | 32 (80) | 68.05 ± 9.75 | 64.00 ± 7.41 | Parecoxib: 40 mg intravenously 1 h before surgery | Placebo: orally, 1 h before surgery | Pump: morphine 1 mg | TKA/THA | 1 day | Morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting, pruritus |
Li [16] | 2010 | China | 20 | 20 | 4 (20) | 7 (35) | 70 ± 11 | 68 ± 12 | Parecoxib: intravenous injection, postoperative 20 mg/6 h for 2 days | Placebo: intravenous injection, for 2 days | None | TKA | 2 days | VAS, nausea, vomiting |
Ye [17] | 2011 | China | 30 | 30 | 21 (70) | 19 (63.33) | 60.3 ± 13.4 | 67.1 ± 11.0 | Celecoxib: orally, preoperative 400 mg 8 h before surgery, postoperative 200 mg twice daily for 5 days | No clear | Pump: fentanyl 1 mg, lappaconitine 20 mg, ropivacaine 375 mg for 48 h | TKA/THA | 5 days | VAS |
Zhou [18] | 2011 | China | 20 | 20 | No clear | No clear | 65–74 | 65–74 | Femoral nerve block + parecoxib: 40 mg intravenously 30 min before the end of surgery, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery | Femoral nerve block | Ropivacaine/8 h for 72 h | TKA | 3 days | VAS |
Jiang [19] | 2012 | China | 42 | 41 | No clear | No clear | 56–78 | 56–78 | Celecoxib: orally, preoperative 200 mg twice daily for 3 days, postoperative 400 mg once and 200 mg twice daily for 7 days | No clear | Pump: sufentanil 0.1 mg for 2 days | TKA | 7 days | VAS, vomiting, nausea |
Rawal a [20] | 2013 | USA | 222 | 98 | 134 (59.8) | 56 (57.1) | 65.7 ± 8.5 | 65.2 ± 7.9 | Etoricoxib: orally, postoperative 90 mg/day for 7 days | Placebo: orally, postoperative no clear (1 dose), once daily for 7 days | Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device: morphine 1 mg | TKA | 21 days | Nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dizziness, fever, edema, insomnia, constipation, headache |
Rawal b [20] | 2013 | USA | 230 | 98 | 139 (60.4) | 56 (57.1) | 64.7 ± 8.1 | 65.2 ± 7.9 | Etoricoxib: orally, postoperative 120 mg/day for 7 days | Placebo: orally, postoperative no clear(1 dose), once daily, 7 days | Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device: morphine 1 mg | TKA | 21 days | Nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dizziness, fever, edema, insomnia, constipation, headache |
Xu [21] | 2015 | China | 40 | 40 | 21 (52.5) | 13 (32..5) | 55.7 ± 3.1 | 57.4 ± 1.3 | Celecoxib: orally, preoperative 8 h 200 mg, postoperative 200 mg twice daily for 5 days | No clear | Pump: fentanyl 1 mg, lappaconitine 20 mg, ropivacaine 375 mg for 48 h | TKA/THA | 5 days | VAS, morphine consumption, vomiting, |
Munteanu a [22] | 2016 | Bucharest | 55 | 55 | 45 (81.82) | 49 (89.09) | 66.1 ± 8 | 64.9 ± 7 | Etoricoxib: 120 mg orally at the end of surgery and after 24 h | Placebo: orally, once daily, for 2 days | Morphine | TKA | 8 months | Morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting, pruritus |
Munteanu b [22] | 2016 | Bucharest | 55 | 55 | 44 (80) | 49 (89.09) | 66.7 ± 7.0 | 64.9 ± 7 | Etoricoxib: 120 mg orally 1 h before surgery and after 24 h | Placebo: orally, once daily, for 2 days | Morphine | TKA | 8 months | Morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting, pruritus |
Ding a [23] | 2016 | China | 64 | 40 | No clear | No clear | 70.3 ± 3.4 | 69.3 ± 4.1 | Celecoxib: orally, postoperative 100 mg twice daily for 6 days | No clear | None | TKA | 3 days | VAS, vomiting, nausea |
Ding b [23] | 2016 | China | 40 | 40 | No clear | No clear | 69.5 ± 5.1 | 69.3 ± 4.1 | Parecoxib: intravenous injection, postoperative 40 mg/12 h for 3 days | No clear | None | TKA | 3 days | VAS, vomiting, nausea |
Camu [24] | 2016 | Europe | 72 | 38 | 42 (58) | 19 (50) | 65.6 ± 11.0 | 67.7 ± 9.5 | Parecoxib: orally, postoperative 40 mg twice daily for 48 h | Placebo: orally, once daily for 48 h | Pump: morphine 1 mg | THA | 2 days | Nausea, vomiting, fever, |
Mu [25] | 2017 | China | 310 | 310 | 229 (73.9) | 227 (73.2) | 69.6 ± 6.5 | 70.5 ± 6.9 | Parecoxib: intravenous injection, postoperative 40 mg/12 h for 3 days | Placebo: intravenous injection, postoperative 5 ml/12 h for 3 days | Pump: morphine 0.5 mg/h, 1 mg | TKA/THA | 28 months | Morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting |
Wang [26] | 2017 | China | 28 | 27 | 19 (67.86) | 16 (59.26) | 66.4 ± 5.7 | 65.2 ± 5.0 | Parecoxib: 40 mg intravenously 30 min before the end of surgery, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery | No clear | Pump: fentanyl 8 μg/mL, 1 mg | TKA | 3 days | VAS |
Yang [27] | 2017 | China | 30 | 30 | 24 (80) | 25 (83.33) | 65.53 ± 6.28 | 66.55 ± 5.50 | Parecoxib: postoperative 40 mg/12 h for 3 days, intravenous injection, celecoxib: orally, 200 mg/12 h until 6 weeks after surgery | Placebo: intravenous injection/orally, 6 weeks | Pump: morphine, 60 mg | TKA | 6 weeks | VAS, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, headache |
Bian [28] | 2018 | China | 46 | 42 | 34 (73.91) | 30 (75.43) | 66.64 ± 7.27 | 66.12 ± 8.34 | Parecoxib: orally, preoperative 40 mg, postoperative 40 mg/12 h | Placebo: orally, preoperative 2 ml, postoperative 2 ml/12 h | Pump: morphine | TKA | 14 days | Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lethargy, headache |