Fig. 9

Radiographic evaluation before and after intra-articular injections. a Radiographic images of the affected knee of dogs before and post-treatment. b Joint effusion degree. c Thickness of the patella ligament. d Radiographic OA scores. The arrow shows the time point of intra-articular injection (6 weeks) of normal saline (Control) or target cells. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared to the control at specific time points. ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 compared to before treatment within groups