Fig. 4From: Nerve growth factor-chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite-coating composite implant induces early osseointegration and nerve regeneration of peri-implant tissues in Beagle dogsThe maximum output, MAR, BIC, and nerve fiber were dramatically increased in the mandible of Beagle dogs after the implantation of NGF-CS/HA-coating implants. a The maximal pull-out force was applied to indicate the degree of bone bonding between NGF-CS/HA-coating implants and bone tissues at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. b The MAR was determined by a fluorescent microscope after labeling with alizarin red (red) and calcitrin (green) at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Magnification, × 100; scale bar = 200 μm. c The new bone formation was assessed through toluidine blue staining in HA- and NGF-CS/HA-coating implant groups at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Magnification, × 100; scale bar = 200 μm. Two dogs with 16 implant teeth (8 teeth for HA coating and 8 teeth for NGF-CS/HA coating) at each time pointBack to article page