Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Baker et al. [2] and Avery et al. [1]

England

N/A

Transgluteal lateral

Similar training levels

40

41

74.2 (5.8)

75.8 (5)

32 (80%)

32 (78%)

2 (0.5)

2 (0.5)

42

46.8

Walk > 0.8 km; live independently

MMSE9.83/9.98

Zimmer; femoral: cemented; head 28 mm cobalt chrome; acetabular: Polyethylene cemented

Zimmer; cemented; unipolar

3 years for Baker et al. [2]; 9 years for Avery et al. [1]

Bhandari et al. [3]

Multiple centers

2009–2017

Not standardize

523 surgeons with expertise in THA/HA

718

723

79.1 (8.3)

78.6 (8.6)

510 (71%)

499 (69.1%)

22/280/305/50

20/275/326/51

54.9(79)

52.5(80.3)

1072 (walk dependently)/369 (with assistance)

No dementia

Mixed

Mixed

2 years

Blomfeldt et al. [4] and Hedbeck et al. [16]

Sweden

N/A

Anterolateral

9 surgeons experienced in THA/HA

60

60

80.5 (4.9)

80.7 (4.8)

47 (78%)

54 (90%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

111 no aids or one aid (92.5%)

SPMSQ > 9

Johnson; femoral: cemented; head 28 mm exter modular stem; acetabular: OGEE, DePuy

Stryker cemented; bipolar

12 months for Blomfeldt et al. [4]; 48 months for Hedbeck et al. [16]

Cadossi et al. [6]

Italy

2008–2010

Straight lateral

2 experienced surgeons (SG, CF)

42

41

82.3 (6.3)

84.2 (6.3)

34 (81%)

28 (68%)

2/15/16/9

1/10/22/8

2.9 (1.75)

3.6 (1.5)

Independently walk

No senile dementia

Unknown

Femoral: uncemented; head: large metal; acetabular: 2.7-mm thick hydrophilic polycarbonate urethane (PCU)

Mixed; bipolar

30.1 months

Chammout et al. [8]

Sweden

2009–2016

Direct lateral

Consultant surgeon or registrar with assistance of consultant

56

62

85 (4)

86 (4)

45 (75%)

45 (75%)

ASA1/2:30; ASA3,4:30

ASA1/2:20; ASA3,4:40

< 36 h

< 36 h

No aids or one aid: THA30 (50%)/HA29 (48%)

SPMSQ:8-10

Schering-Plough

Femoral: cemented; (vacuum-mixed low-viscosity cement with gentamicin);head 32-mm cobalt-chromium; acetabular: cemented highly cross-linked polyethylene

Cemented; unipolar

2 years

Dorr et al. [10]

America

1980–1982

Posterior

N/A

39

50

69 (9)

69 (12)

23 (60%)

35 (70%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Ambulate

Mental status1/2: 70/19

Unknown

Femoral: cemented; head: 28-mm; acetabular: unknown

Mixed; bipolar

2 years

Giannini et al. [12]

Italy

N/A

N/A

N/A

30

30

80.7 (6)

82.2 (6)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Unknown

Femoral: uncemented; head: large metal; acetabular: pliable, 3-mm-thick polycarbonate-urethane (PCU)

Mixed; bipolar

1 year

Iorio et al. [18]

Italy

2015–2017

Direct lateral

N/A

30

30

82 (4)

83 (3)

18 (60%)

17 (56.7%)

0/3/23/4

0/4/21/5

59 (13)

51 (15)

Walk unaided

MMSE < 18

Groupe Lépine

Femoral: Uncemented; head: dual mobility cup Quattro; acetabular: N/A

Uncemented; bipolar

2 years

Keating et al. [22]

England

1996–2000

Decided by surgeon

Senior surgeon

69

111

75.2 (6)

75.4 (7)

52 (75%)

92 (83%)

N/A

N/A

< 48 h

< 48 h

Independent

MMSE > 6

Unknown

Femoral: cemented; head: N/A; acetabular: N/A

Cemented; bipolar

2 years

Li et al. [25]

China

2010–2012

Anterolateral

N/A

40

40

76.5 (6.5)

75.8 (6.2)

17 (42.5%)

19 (47.5%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Eliminate cognitive impairment

Unknown

Femoral: mixed; head: N/A; acetabular: N/A

Mixed; N/A

2 years

Liu et al. [27]

China

2010–2012

Posterior

N/A

54

54

74.19(6.4)

75.31 (6.2)

24 (44.44%)

26 (48.1%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Excluded dementia patients

N/A

N/A

1 year

Macaulay et al. [30] and Macaulay et al. [29]

America

N/A

Posterolateral and direct lateral (Modified Hardinge)

14 surgeons, 5 reconstruction specialists

17

23

82 (7)

77 (9)

7 (41%)

14 (61%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Independently walk

Excluded MMSE < 23

Mixed

Mixed

1 year for Macaulay et al. [30]; 2 years for Macaulay et al. [29]

Man et al. [31]

China

2010–2012

Moore approach

N/A

37

37

N/A

N/A

28 (37.84%)

28 (37.84%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

No cognitive impairment

Cemented; N/A

Mixed; bipolar

3 years

Mouzopoulos et al. [36]

Greece

1999–2002

N/A

N/A

37

34

73.07(4.9)

74.24 (3.77)

28 (75.68%)

24 (70.59%)

2.03 (1.97)

2.21 (1.9)

45.2 (7.3)

45.8 (2.4)

Independently walk 37/34

SPMSQ 7.9 (2.6)/7.5 (3.1)

N/A

N/A

4 years

Parker et al. [28]

England

2012–2018

Anterolateral

See in a.

52

53

77.1 (5.5)

77.1 (7.25)

40 (76.9%)

45 (84.9%)

2.2

2.0

N/A

N/A

Mean mobility grade 1.6/1.4 (9 grades)

MMSE 8.7/8.9

Skinner et al. [37] and Ravikumar et al. [40, 41]

England

1984–1986

Posterolateral

See in b.

89

91

81.03

82.06

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Within 24 h

Within 24 h

N/A

Included patients with dementia

Unknown

Femoral: cemented (Howse II prosthesis); head 32 mm head; acetabular: semi-captive cup

Bipolar; uncemented (Austin Moore)

2 years for Skinner et al. [37]; 13 years for Ravikumar et al. [40, 41]

Sharma et al. [42]

India

2010–2014

Modified Gibson

Two senior arthroplasty surgeons

40

40

78 (3.5)

73 (1.25)

26 (65%)

29 (72.5%)

N/A

N/A

72 h

72 h

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1 year

Sonaje et al. [43]

India

2011–2012

N/A

N/A

21

21

66.4 (3.5)

65.3 (3)

13 (65%)

14 (70%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

No psychiatric and neurological disorder

N/A

N/A; bipolar

2 years

Song et al. [44]

China

2003–2012

N/A

N/A

31

31

64.5 (5.8)

65.1 (5.9)

12 (38.71%)

10 (32.26%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A; bipolar

1 year

Van den et al. [47] and Tol et al. [46]

Netherlands

1995–2002

Anterolateral; straight lateral; posterolateral

Experienced surgeon or residents with assistant

115

137

82.1 (6.3)

80.3 (6.2)

90 (78%)

115 (84%)

11/48/44/10

19/77/33/5

1(2.25)

1(2.5)

Walk without aids:149

N/A

Sulzer AG/Protek AG

Femoral: cemented (A Weber Rotations prosthesis, Müller Geradschaft prothesis); head 32 mm diameter modular head; acetabular: semi-captive cup

Cemented;

Bipolar;

5 years for Van den2010 and 12 years for Tol2017