Table 1 Characteristics of the included cohort studies
Study | Country | Design | Patient characteristics | Sample size | Mean age years | Male (%) | MetS diagnosis | MetS at baseline, n (%) | Follow-up duration | Prophylactic methods | Outcomes reported | Outcome validation | Variables adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gandhi 2009 [16] | Canada | PC | Patients received unilateral TKA | 1460 | 66.5 | 35.9 | WHO | 135 (9.2) | 3 months | LMWH | Symptomatic DVT (65) | DUS in systematic patients | Age, sex, education, BMI, and CCI |
Dy 2011 [17] | The US | RC | Patients received TKA or THA | 16317 | 64.8 | 39.9 | NCEP-ATP III | 1093 (6.7) | 3 months | NR | VTE (148) | ICD-9 codes | Age, sex, procedure type, and BMI |
Valle 2012-TKA [18] | The US | RC | Patients received TKA | 806672 | 66.9 | 36.1 | NCEP-ATP III | 82852 (10.3) | In-hospital | NR | VTE (6476) | ICD-9 codes | Age, sex, race, admission type, comorbidities, and hospital level |
Valle 2012-THA [18] | The US | RC | Patients received THA | 406265 | 65.6 | 42.5 | NCEP-ATP III | 24269 (6.0) | In-hospital | NR | VTE (1986) | ICD-9 codes | Age, sex, race, admission type, comorbidities, and hospital level |
Mraovic 2013 [19] | The US | RC | Patients received TKA or THA | 7282 | 70.2 | 44.0 | NCEP-ATP III | 958 (13.2) | In-hospital | Warfarin to achieve INR: 1.5 ~ 2.0 | Symptomatic PE (107) | CT and/or lung VQ scan in systematic patients | Age, sex, procedure type, BMI, and comorbidities |
Song 2016-TKA [21] | China | RC | Patients received TKA | 560 | 67.2 | 18.0 | WHO | 45 (8.0) | 1 month | Rivaroxaban or LMWH | Symptomatic DVT (25) | Routine venography | Age, sex, comorbidities, and smoking |
Song 2016-THA [21] | China | RC | Patients received THA | 993 | 63.4 | 37.3 | WHO | 34 (3.4) | 1 month | Rivaroxaban or LMWH | Symptomatic DVT (53) | Routine venography | Age, sex, comorbidities, and smoking |
Edelstein 2016 [20] | The US | RC | Patients received TKA or THA | 1462 | NR | 36.5 | WHO | 237 (16.2) | 1 month | NR | PE (33) | Medical insurance data | Age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities |
Cichos 2018 [22] | The US | RC | Patients with hip fracture received THA | 100446 | 77.6 | 31.2 | NCEP-ATP III | 8437 (8.4) | In-hospital | NR | VTE (904) | ICD-9 codes | Age, sex, race, payer status and comorbidities |