Table 1 The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score for patients with knee osteoarthritis
I. Pain on walking (total 30 points) | |
Walking 1 km or more usually with no pain, without regard for mild pain, or rarely feeling pain with certain activities | 30 |
Walking 1 km or more regardless of pain | 25 |
Walking 500 m or more, but less than 1 km without regard for pain | 20 |
Walking 100 m or more, but less than 500 m without regard for pain | 15 |
Walking indoors or nearby, but less than 100 m without regard for pain | 10 |
Inability to walk | 5 |
Inability to stand | 0 |
II. Pain on ascending or descending stairs (total 25 points) | |
No pain | 25 |
Pain with handrails, but no pain with step-by-step ambulation | 20 |
Pain relieved by using handrails | 15 |
Pain with step-by-step ambulation, pain relieved by using handrails | 10 |
Pain even with step-by-step ambulation and handrail use | 5 |
Inability to ascend or descend because of pain | 0 |
III. Range of motion (total 35 points) | |
Squatting | 35 |
Sideways or cross-legged sitting | 30 |
Flexion or arc of motion of 110° or more | 25 |
Flexion or arc of motion of 75° or more | 20 |
Flexion or arc of motion of 35° or more | 10 |
Flexion or arc of motion less than 35° including ankylosis or severe flexion contracture | 0 |
IV. Joint effusion (total 10 points) | |
No edema, no swelling | 10 |
Occasional puncture required | 5 |
Frequent puncture required | 0 |