Table 4 Patient characteristics between in-hospital death (+) and (−)
Death (−) (N = 2428) | Death (+) (N = 18) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0.25 | ||
65 to 74 | 750 (30.9%) | 3 (0.4%) | |
75 to 84 | 1389 (57.2%) | 11 (0.8%) | |
Over 85 | 289 (11.9%) | 4 (1.4%) | |
Sex | < 0.001*** | ||
Male | 598 (24.6%) | 11 (61.1%) | |
Female | 1830 (75.4%) | 7 (38.9%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.001** | ||
Less than 18.5 | 340 (14.0%) | 8 (44.4%) | |
18.5 to 22.9 | 1073 (44.2%) | 5 (27.8%) | |
23.0 to 24.9 | 426 (17.5%) | 1 (5.6%) | |
25.0 to 29.9 | 409 (16.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | |
Over 30.0 | 67 (2.8%) | 0 (0%) | |
Unknown | 113 (4.6%) | 3 (16.6%) | |
Smoking index | 0.82 | ||
0 | 1899 (78.2%) | 13 (72.2%) | |
1 to 999 | 227 (9.4%) | 2 (11.1%) | |
Over 1000 | 302 (12.4%) | 3 (16.7%) | |
Admission type | 0.014* | ||
Scheduled | 1374 (56.6%) | 5 (27.8%) | |
Unscheduled | 1054 (43.4%) | 13 (72.2%) | |
Emergency transport | 0.19 | ||
Yes | 395 (16.3%) | 5 (27.8%) | |
No | 2033 (83.7%) | 13 (72.2%) | |
Hospital type | 0.31 | ||
Academic | 131 (5.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
Non-academic | 2297 (94.6%) | 18 (100%) | |
ADL score for admission (points) | 0.26 | ||
0 to 10 | 1008 (41.5%) | 10 (55.6%) | |
11 to 20 | 1002 (41.3%) | 4 (22.2%) | |
Unknown | 418 (17.2%) | 4 (22.2%) | |
Surgical procedure | 0.62 | ||
Anterior fusion | 431 (17.8%) | 4 (22.2%) | |
Posterior fusion | 1997 (82.2%) | 14 (77.8%) | |
Preoperative comorbidities | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 350 (14.4%) | 4 (22.2%) | 0.35 |
Cardiovascular disease | 134 (5.5%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.30 |
Cardiac failure | 74 (3.1%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.049* |
Atrial fibrillation | 59 (2.4%) | 4 (22.2%) | < 0.001*** |
Hypertension | 691 (28.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.008** |
Cerebrovascular disease | 33 (1.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.13 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 11 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.78 |
Pneumonia | 7 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.82 |
Renal failure | 47 (1.9%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.006** |
Hepatic failure | 60 (2.5%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.40 |
Gastric ulcer and hemorrhage | 90 (3.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.41 |
Malignancy | 89 (3.7%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.67 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 101 (4.2%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.77 |
Dementia | 48 (2.0%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.28 |
Depression | 81 (3.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.60 |
Schizophrenia | 44 (1.8%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.004** |