Complication (−) (N = 1948) | Complication (+) (N = 498) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0.012* | ||
65 to 74 | 627 (32.2%) | 126 (25.3%) | |
75 to 84 | 1094 (56.2%) | 306 (61.4%) | |
Over 85 | 227 (11.6%) | 66 (13.3%) | |
Sex | 0.06 | ||
Male | 469 (24.1%) | 140 (28.1%) | |
Female | 1479 (75.9%) | 358 (71.9%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.16 | ||
Less than 18.5 | 272 (14.0%) | 76 (15.2%) | |
18.5 to 22.9 | 871 (44.7%) | 207 (41.6%) | |
23.0 to 24.9 | 349 (17.9%) | 78 (15.7%) | |
25.0 to 29.9 | 322 (16.5%) | 88 (17.7%) | |
Over 30.0 | 51 (2.6%) | 16 (3.2%) | |
Unknown | 83 (4.3%) | 33 (6.6%) | |
Smoking index | 0.82 | ||
0 | 1899 (78.2%) | 13 (72.2%) | |
1 to 999 | 227 (9.4%) | 2 (11.1%) | |
Over 1000 | 302 (12.4%) | 3 (16.7%) | |
Admission type | 0.016* | ||
Scheduled | 1122 (57.6%) | 257 (51.6%) | |
Unscheduled | 826 (42.4%) | 241 (48.4%) | |
Emergency transport | 0.31 | ||
Yes | 311 (16.0%) | 89 (17.9%) | |
No | 1637 (84.0%) | 409 (82.1%) | |
Hospital type | 0.46 | ||
Academic | 101 (5.2%) | 30 (6.0%) | |
Non-academic | 1847 (94.8%) | 468 (94.0%) | |
ADL score for admission (points) | < 0.001*** | ||
0 to 10 | 780 (40.0%) | 238 (47.8%) | |
11 to 20 | 841 (43.2%) | 165 (33.1%) | |
Unknown | 327 (16.8%) | 95 (19.1%) | |
Surgical procedure | < 0.001*** | ||
Anterior fusion | 319 (16.4%) | 116 (23.3%) | |
Posterior fusion | 1629 (83.6%) | 382 (76.7%) | |
Preoperative comorbidities | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 270 (13.9%) | 84 (16.9%) | 0.09 |
Cardiovascular disease | 100 (5.1%) | 36 (7.2%) | 0.07 |
Cardiac failure | 60 (3.1%) | 16 (3.2%) | 0.88 |
Atrial fibrillation | 41 (2.1%) | 22 (4.4%) | 0.004** |
Hypertension | 541 (27.8%) | 150 (30.1%) | 0.30 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 27 (1.4%) | 7 (1.4%) | 0.97 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (0.4%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.57 |
Pneumonia | 6 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.69 |
Renal failure | 32 (1.6%) | 17 (3.4%) | 0.012* |
Hepatic failure | 44 (2.3%) | 17 (3.4%) | 0.14 |
Gastric ulcer and hemorrhage | 75 (3.9%) | 15 (3.0%) | 0.38 |
Malignancy | 72 (3.7%) | 18 (3.6%) | 0.93 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 74 (3.8%) | 28 (5.6%) | 0.07 |
Dementia | 39 (2.0%) | 10 (2.0%) | 0.99 |
Depression | 66 (3.4%) | 16 (3.2%) | 0.85 |
Schizophrenia | 33 (1.7%) | 13 (2.6%) | 0.18 |