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Table 1 The general characteristic of the included studies

From: Systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factor for postoperative delirium following spinal surgery

Reference

Country

Study design

Study setting

Sample size

Age (year)

Sex ratio (M:F)

Criteria for delirium

Screening frequency (h)

Study quality score

Adogwa et al. [9]

USA

RCS

Correction of adult degenerative scoliosis

82

71.8

NS

CAM

n.s

7

Brown et al. [10]

USA

Cohort

Lumbar spine surgery, posterior cervical spine surgery, or anterior cervical spine

89

74

47/42

CAM

24 h

9

Elsamadicy et al. [11]

USA

 

Elective spine surgery

   

NS

 

7

Fineberg et al. [12]

USA

RCS

Lumbar spine

578,457

  

ICD-9-CM

NS

6

Gao et al. [13]

China

RCS

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine

549

48.2

 

DOS, DSM-IV

24 h

6

Jiang et al. [14]

China

RCS

Fusion, decompressive laminectomy and discectomy of the lumbar spine, and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, laminoplasty, and foraminotomy of the cervical spine

451

65.1

226/225

NS

NS

6

Kawaguchi et al. [15]

Japan

RCS

Cervical spine, cervico-thoracic spine in the thoracic spine, in the thoraco-lumbar spine, in the lumbar spine, and cervical and lumbar spine

341

59.2

186/155

CAM

NS

6

Kobayashi et al. [16]

Japan

RCS

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine

262

82.7

122/140

CONFUCIUS stepped wedge protocol

NS

8

Lee et al. [17]

Korea

RCS

Anterior fusion and posterolateral fusion

81

73.5

28/53

DSM-IV, CAM

NS

8

Seo et al. [18]

Korea

RCS

Operation, decompressive laminectomy and discectomy of the lumbar spine, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, laminoplasty and foraminotomy of the cervical spine

70

70.1

32/38

DSM-5

NS

9

Ushida et al. [19]

Japan

RCS

Cervical myelopathy

81

NS

41/41

NS

NS

8

Li et al. [20]

China

RCS

Spinal surgery

116

75.3

62/54

CAM-ICU

24 h

6

Adogwa et al. [21]

USA

RCS

Spinal deformity surgery

82

74.7

64/18

CAM-ICU

NS

8

  1. RCS retrospective controlled study, CAM-ICU Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit, CAM Confusion Assessment Method, DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5