Table 1 Association between potential risk factors and stroke after hip fracture surgeries
Variables | Number (%) of stroke (n = 56) | Number (%) of non-stroke (n = 3687) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 19 (33.9) | 1573 (42.7) | 0.189 |
Age (years) | 80.3 ± 8.5 | 78.1 ± 11.4 | 0.001 |
Living place | 0.482 | ||
Rural | 29 (51.8) | 1735 (47.1) | |
Urban | 27 (48.2) | 1952 (52.9) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 5.6 | 25.4 ± 3.9 | 0.672 |
18.5–23.9 | 24 (42.9) | 1368 (37.1) | 0.221 |
< 18.5 | 5 (8.9) | 198 (5.4) | |
24.0–27.9 | 17 (30.4) | 1595 (43.3) | |
≥ 28.0 | 10 (17.9) | 526 (14.3) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 11 (19.6) | 538 (14.6) | 0.289 |
Hypertension | 19 (33.9) | 895 (24.3) | 0.095 |
Chronic heart disease | 7 (12.5) | 362 (9.8) | 0.504 |
Past stroke | 11 (19.6) | 287 (7.8) | 0.001 |
Chronic use of aspirin | 10 (17.9) | 325 (8.8) | 0.019 |
Injury mechanism (low-energy) | 53 (94.6) | 3521 (95.5) | 0.760 |
Preoperative stay | 4.6 ± 3.2 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 0.278 |
Total hospital stay | 14.4 ± 7.4 | 15.1 ± 7.9 | 0.443 |
Intraoperative bleeding | 286.6 ± 304.2 | 278 ± 187.1 | 0.643 |
Surgical duration | 106.5 ± 47.0 | 97.8 ± 51.4 | 0.074 |
Cigarette smoking | 9 (16.1) | 774 (21.0) | 0.369 |
Alcohol consumption | 13 (23.2) | 1402 (38.0) | 0.023 |
Fracture type | 0.149 | ||
Femoral neck | 25 (44.6) | 2005 (54.3) | |
Intertrochanteric | 31 (55.4) | 1686 (45.7) | |
Procedure | 0.103 | ||
Osteosynthesis | 47 (83.9) | 2742 (74.4) | |
Arthroplasty | 9 (16.1) | 945 (25.6) | |
Anesthesia | 0.145 | ||
Local | 2 (3.6) | 134 (3.6) | |
Spinal | 23 (41.1) | 1989 (53.9) | |
General | 31 (55.4) | 1564 (42.4) | |
ASA class | 0.007 | ||
I-II | 31 (55.4) | 2642 (71.7) | |
III or above | 25 (44.6) | 1045 (28.3) | |
TP (g/L) | 54.1 ± 7.9 | 59.2 ± 7.2 | 0.005 |
ALB (g/L) | 28.4 ± 4.5 | 33.6 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 25.3 ± 19.4 | 24.5 ± 23.7 | 0.579 |
AST (U/L) | 26.7 ± 16.4 | 26.2 ± 23.8 | 0.752 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 2.2 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 0.896 |
TC (mmol/L) | 3.8 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 0.103 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.164 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 0.489 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.016 |
VLDL (mmol/L) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.133 |
WBC (109/L) | 9.0 ± 3.1 | 8.7 ± 3.3 | 0.673 |
NEUT (109/L) | 6.9 ± 2.9 | 6.9 ± 2.8 | 0.907 |
LYM (109/L) | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.918 |
RBC (< lower limit) | 26 (46.4) | 2078 (56.4) | 0.137 |
HGB (< lower limit) | 19 (33.9) | 858 (23.3) | 0.062 |
HCT (< lower limit) | 4 (7.1) | 97 (2.6) | 0.039 |
PLT (< 100 × 109/L) | 4 (7.1) | 127 (3.4) | 0.135 |
PDW (%) | 15.7 ± 3.4 | 15.1 ± 2.4 | 0.176 |
RDW (%) | 15.8 ± 1.5 | 14.1 ± 1.8 | 0.014 |