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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies for meta-analysis

From: Is combining serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein a reliable diagnostic tool in periprosthetic joint infections?

Reference

Year

Country

Study design

Enrollment period

Patients

Location

Sample

Cut-off

Sen

Spe

Standard

Received antibiotics

Excluded inflammatory disease

[23]

2010

Argentina

Prospective study

February 2007 and July 2008

69

Hip

IL-6

10 pg/ml

36%

94%

H, M

N

Y

       

CRP

10 mg/l

72%

91%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Serial tests)

 

57%

100%

   

[24]

2007

Germany

Prospective study

July 2003 and March 2004

78

Hip, knee

IL-6

> 12 pg/ml

95%

87%

H, M

NA

N

       

CRP

> 3.2 mg/l

95%

96%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Parallel test)

 

100%

86%

   

[8]

2017

Turkey

Prospective study

April 2010 and December 2012

85

Knee

IL-6

6.6 pg/ml

95%

96%

MSIS

N

Y

       

CRP

8.83 mg/l

95%

90%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Parallel test)

 

99%

98%

   

[4]

2013

Egypt

Prospective study

NA

40

Hip, knee

IL-6

> 10.4 pg/ml

100%

90.90%

H, M, P

N

Y

       

CRP

> 18 mg/l

100%

86.20%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Serial tests)

 

100%

99%

   

[25]

2019

USA

Prospective study

January 2017 to December 2019

52

Knee

IL-6

> 9.14 pg/ml

81.30%

63%

MSIS

NA

Y

       

CRP

> 17 mg/l

66.70%

66.70%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Serial tests)

 

33.30%

85.0%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Parallel test)

 

93.8%

45.8%

   

[10]

2013

Austria

Prospective study

March 2008 and June 2010

84

Hip, knee

IL-6

4.7 pg/ml

81%

68%

MSIS

Y

Y

       

CRP

17.05 mg/l

84%

79%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Parallel test)

 

84%

68%

   

[9]

2015

Germany

Prospective study

NA

77

Hip, knee

IL-6

> 5.12 pg/ml

80%

87.70%

MSIS

N

Y

       

CRP

≥ 3 mg/l

80%

64%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Serial tests)

 

75%

98.20%

   

[26]

2017

China

Prospective study

August 2013 and August 2016

160

Hip, knee

IL-6

6.9 pg/ml

96.60%

78%

MSIS

NA

Y

       

CRP

8.54 mg/l

79.70%

83.80%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Serial tests)

 

76.30%

93.10%

   
       

IL-6 + CRP

(Parallel test)

 

100%

69.3%

   
  1. C clinical signs of infection, CRP C-reactive protein, H histological examination, IL-6 interleukin-6, M microbiological or laboratory examination, MSIS Musculoskeletal Infection Society, NA not available, N no, P presence of sinus tract or purulence around the prosthesis, SEN sensitivity, SPE specificity, Y yes