Table 1 Demographic data of patients in the LBP group and non-LBP group

Age (years)

60.5 ± 9.3

57.8 ± 10.2

0.082

Gender (M/F)

13/25

36/46

0.425

BMI (kg/m²)

29.1 ± 3.8

27.12 ± 5.1

0.138

Diagnosis

0.529

Degenerative spondylolisthesis

28

55

Lumbar spinal stenosis

10

27

Surgical level

0.651

L3–4

8

22

L4–5

30

60

Blood loss (mL)

106.6 ± 11.1

105.8 ± 9.9

0.889

Operative time (min)

95.9 ± 15.2

97.96 ± 11.8

0.731