Table 3 Potential influencing elements on D-dimer results

1

Hematoma

2

Systemic inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, polymyalgia rheumatica, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, gout, hepatitis B and C, lymphocytic leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma

3

Obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2), heavy smoking

4

Malignancies

5

Venous thrombosis

6

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

7

Infection in other regions of the body

8

Reimplantation surgery

9

History of recent trauma or dislocation (within 2 weeks)

10

Any type of skin ulcer

11

Visible ecchymosis or a history of hypercoagulation disorder

12

Viral infections

13

Prosthetic heart valve

14

Periprosthetic fracture or joint dislocation

15

Inflammatory arthritis