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Fig. 4 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 4

From: Estimation and influence of blood loss under endoscope for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD): a clinical observational study combined with in vitro experiment

Fig. 4

Methods to stop endoscopic bleeding. a The clear view under the endoscope. b The blood obscuring the view. c Intramuscular injection with hemostatic agents before operation. d Bipolar RF heat coagulation. e Working cannula compresses the bleeding point. f Increase the pressure of water in the spinal canal to stop bleeding. g Cover the bleeding area with a gelatin sponge (black star). h Place a drainage tube

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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X