Table 1 Material properties used for various components in the finite element model [14,15,16,17]
Components | Poisson’s ratio | Young’s modulus (MPa) | cross-sectional area(mm2) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cortical bone | 0.2 | 15000 | – | [14] |
Cancellous bone | 0.2 | 500 | – | [14] |
Anterior longitudinal ligament | 0.3 | 30 | 6 | [15] |
Posterior longitudinal ligament | 0.3 | 20 | 5 | [15] |
Inter spinous ligament | 0.3 | 10 | 5 | [15] |
Ligamentum flavum | 0.3 | 10 | 5 | [15] |
Alar ligament | 0.3 | 5 | 22 | [15] |
Transverse ligament | 0.2 | 20 | – | [15] |
Nuchal ligament | 0.2 | 20 | 10 | [15] |
Supraspinous ligament | 0.3 | 10 | 10 | [15] |
Capsular ligament | 0.3 | 10 | 46 | [16] |
Screw and rod | 0.3 | 110000 | – | [17] |