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Table 4 QUADAS-2 evaluation

From: D-dimer in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

QUADAS Score*

1

2

3

Bias

Appl.

4

5

Bias

Appl.

6

7

Bias

Appl.

8

9

10

Bias

Shahi et al. [20]

NC

0

1

High

Low

1

0

High

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

1

Low

Fu et al. [22]

NC

0

0

High

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

1

Low

Li et al. [19]

NC

1

1

Low

Low

0

0

High

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

1

Low

Xu et al. [18]

NC

0

1

High

Low

0

0

High

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

1

Low

Huang et al. [21]

NC

0

0

High

Low

0

1

High

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

1

Low

Qin et al. [16]

NC

1

0

High

Low

1

0

High

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

1

Low

Xiong et al. [17]

NC

1

0

High

Low

1

0

High

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

1

Low

Pannu et al. [23]

1

1

1

Low

Low

0

1

High

Low

1

1

Low

Low

1

1

1

Low

  1. The numbers in the top row correspond to the following questions: Domain 1: Patient selection. Numbers correspond with the following questions: (1) Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? (2) Was a case-control design avoided? (3) Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? Domain 2: Index test. Numbers correspond with the following questions: (4) Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? (5) If a threshold was used, was it pre-specified? Domain 3: Reference test. Numbers correspond with the following questions: (6) Is the reference standard likely to correctly classify the target condition? (7) Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test? Domain 4: Flow and timing. Numbers correspond with the following questions: (8) Was there an appropriate interval between index test(s) and reference standard? (9) Did all patients receive a reference standard? (10) Did patients receive the same reference standard? (11) Were all patients included in the analysis?
  2. *Number 1 indicates “yes,” and 0 indicates “no”; Bias risk: of bias; Appl.: concerns regarding applicability; NC: not clear