Table 1 Stiffness of ligaments
Ligaments represented in the models | Connected bones | Stiffness (N/mm)a |
|---|---|---|
Interosseous membrane (4 ligaments) | Tibia–fibula | 40 |
Anterior tibiofibular (distal) | Tibia–fibula | 7.8 |
Posterior tibiofibular (distal) | Tibia–fibula | 10.1 |
Anterior tibiotalar | Tibia–talus | 7 |
Posterior tibiotalar | Tibia–talus | 8 |
Tibiocalcaneal | Tibia–calcaneus | 12.2 |
Tibionavicular | Tibia–navicular | 4 |
Interosseous talocalcaneal | Talus–calcaneus | 7 |
Lateral talocalcaneal | Talus–calcaneus | 7 |
Medial talocalcaneal | Talus–calcaneus | 7 |
Posterior talocalcaneal | Talus–calcaneus | 7 |
Anterior talofibular | Talus–fibula | 14.2 |
Posterior talofibular(2 ligaments) | Talus–fibula | 8 |
Calcaneofibular ligament | Calcaneus–fibula | 12.7 |
Dorsal talonavicular (2 ligaments) | Talus–navicular | 7 |
Calcaneonavicular (dorsal and plantar) | Calcaneus–navicular | 7 |
Calcaneocuboid (dorsal and short plantar) | Calcaneus–cuboid | 7 |
Cuboideonavicular (dorsal and plantar) | Cuboid–navicular | 7 |
Cuneonavicular (dorsal and plantar) | Cuneiforms–navicular | 7 |
Intercuneiform (dorsal and plantar) | Lateral-intermediate–medial cuneiform | 7 |
Tarsometatarsal (dorsal and plantar) | Cuneiforms–metatarsals | 7 |
Metatarsal (dorsal and plantar) | 1st–2nd–3rd–4th–5th metatarsal | 7 |
Long plantar | Calcaneus–metatarsals | 7 |
Achilles tendon | - | 40 |