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Table 1 Primary drill pedicle perforations (PDPP) and secondary screw pedicle perforations (SSPP)

From: Augmented reality-based navigation increases precision of pedicle screw insertion

Skill level

Group

PDPP

SSPP

6 mm

7 mm

8 mm

Expert

FH

0

2

3

8

AR

0

3

3

6

p

0.321

0.325

0.196

Novice

FH

3

18

20

22

AR

1

7

10

15

p

0.615

0.006

0.013

0.053