Table 2 Characteristics of included studies in the meta-analysis
Study | Country | Study type | Quality assessment | Duration | Sample size | Groups | Female (%) | Age (year)a | Time to surgery (day)a | Fracture type | Concurrent antiplatelet or thromboprophylaxis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al Khudairy et al. [25] | Ireland | Cohort (retrospective) | **** * *** | 24 months | 47 | Early VS delayed | 66% | 80.3 (8.3) | 4.2 (1.0) VS 8.0 (1.0) | Intra and extracapsular | Unclear |
Chechik et al. [26] | Israel | Quasi-randomized (retrospective) | **** * *** | 34 months | 60 | Early VS delayed | 50% | 82.5 (7.9) | 1.67 (1.0) VS 7.5 (2.70) | Intra and extracapsular | 33% in early group and 17% in delayed group on aspirin 40 mg LMWH for thromboprophylaxis |
Cox et al. [27] | UK | Cohort (retrospective) | **** _ ** | 2 years | 20 | Early VS delayed | 65% | 80.9 | 1.1 VS 7 | Intra and extracapsular | Chemical or mechanical thromboprophylaxis |
Johansen et al. [28] | UK | Cohort (retrospective) | **** _ ** | 18 months | 17 | Early VS delayed | Unclear | Unclear | 2.7 VS 7.3 | Unclear | Unclear |
Pailleret et al. [29] | France | Cohort (retrospective) | **** ** ** | 6 years | 39 | Early VS delayed | 77% | 86 (7.5) | 1 (1) VS 5 (1) | Intra and extracapsular | 24% in early group and 32% in delayed group on aspirin 40 mg LMWH for thromboprophylaxis |
Sa-Ngasoongsong et al. [30] | Thailand | Cohort (prospective and retrospective) | **** * *** | 3 years | 94 | Early VS delayed | 73% | 80.5 (8.0) | 1.6 (0.9) VS 8.9 (3.6) | Intra and extracapsular | 42 aspirin and 7 clopidogrel in early group, 36 aspirin, and 9 clopidogrel in delayed group |
Yoo et al. [31] | Korea | Cohort (retrospective) | **** * *** | 3 years | 43 | Early VS delayed | 70% | 73.0 (7.1) | < 1 days VS 5.7 | Intracapsular | Mechanical thromboprophylaxis was used and chemical prophylactic agents were not |
Sim et al. [32] | Australia | Cohort (retrospective) | **** * *** | 44 months | 135 | 1) Early VS delayed 2) Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 76% | 80.7 (9.7) | 1) < 5 days VS > 5 days 2) 3.5 (3.2) VS 0.9 (0.8) | Intra and extracapsular | Unclear |
Zehir et al. [33] | Turkey | Cohort (retrospective) | **** * *** | 6 years | 211 | 1) Early VS delayed 2) Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 55% | 77.5 (7.6) | 1) 1.79 VS 5.82 2) 1.79 VS 1.68 | Intracapsular | 40 mg LMWH for thromboprophylaxis |
Anekstein et al. [34] | Israel | Cohort (prospective) | **** ** *** | 14 months | 104 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | Unclear | 77.1 (10.1) | 1.53 (0.9) VS 1.48 (0.9) | Intra and extracapsular | Unclear |
Chechik et al. [35] | Israel | Cohort (prospective) | **** * *** | 21 months | 88 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 66% | 81.8 (7.4) | 2.15 (1.4) VS 1.88 (1.1) | Intra and extracapsular | Unclear |
Collinge et al. [36] | USA | Cohort (retrospective) | **** ** ** | 5 years | 946 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 72% | 80.8 (8.7) | 1.54 (1.0) VS 1.55 (0.9) | Intra and extracapsular | A prophylactic doses of enoxaparin (Lovenox) within 24 h after surgery |
Feely et al. [37] | USA | Cohort (retrospective) | **** ** *** | 14 years and 6 months | 120 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 55% | 82.2 (8.4) | 1.1 (0.7) VS 1.3 (1.3) | Intra and extracapsular | 2 cohorts had similar percentages of patients concurrent on aspirin and chemical thromboprophylaxis |
Ghanem et al. [38] | USA | Cohort (retrospective) | **** * ** | 8 years | 623 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 69% | 83.1 | 1.7 VS 1.3 | Intracapsular | 48% with aspirin in clopidogrel group, 38% in control group. A prophylaxis of enoxaparin was 22% in clopidogrel group and 30% in control group |
Ginsel et al. [39] | Australia | Cohort (retrospective) | **** * *** | 1 year | 300 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 71% | 81.6 (13.1) | 1.76 VS 1.6 | Intracapsular | Unclear |
Kennedy et al. [40] | Ireland | Cohort (retrospective) | **** _ ** | NR | 98 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 73% | 81.9 | All patients < 2 days | Intra and extracapsular | Unclear |
Kragh et al. [41] | Sweden | Cohort (retrospective) | **** * ** | 2 years | 255 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 54% | 82.4 (8.8) | 0.84 (0.4) VS 0.8 (0.4) | Intra and extracapsular | 40 mg enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis, 47% with compression bandage in antiplatelet group and 43% in non-antiplatelet group |
Thaler et al. [42] | Austria | Cohort (prospective) | **** * *** | 27 months | 462 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 74% | 78 (11) | 1.29 (1.9) VS 1.3 (2.0) | Intra and extracapsular | 14% of clopidogrel group and 22% control group on aspirin. 40 mg enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis |
Clareus et al. [43] | Sweden | Cohort (retrospective) | **** ** *** | 3 years | 112 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 68% | 84.7 (7.3) | 1.67 (1.2) VS 0.88 (0.5) | Intra and extracapsular | Unclear |
Hossain et al. [44] | UK | Cohort (retrospective) | **** ** ** | 2 years | 102 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 81% | 83.0 (7.5) | All patients < 2 days | Intracapsular | 32% of clopidogrel group and 44% control group on aspirin. 40 mg enoxaparin postoperatively for 6 weeks for thromboprophylaxis |
Manaqibwala et al. [45] | USA | Cohort (retrospective) | **** ** ** | 7 years | 162 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 69% | 84.1 (8.9) | 2.3 (2.0) VS 1.9 (2.9) | Intracapsular | 66.7% of clopidogrel group and 43.5% control group on aspirin 40 mg enoxaparin or 5000 units heparin postoperatively for thromboprophylaxis |
Nydick et al. [46] | USA | Cohort (retrospective) | **** ** * | 5 years | 50 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | Unclear | Unclear | 1.81 VS 1.65 | Intra and extracapsular | Unclear |
Wallace et al. [47] | USA | Cohort (retrospective) | **** ** *** | Over 5 years | 110 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 73% | 79.9 (9.1) | All patients < 2 days | Intra and extracapsular | Mechanical thromboprophylaxis was used and chemical prophylactic agents were not |
Wordsworth et al. [48] | UK | Cohort (prospective) | **** * *** | 6 years | 1225 | Antiplatelet VS no antiplatelet | 72% | 82.3 (9.4) | 1.23 VS 1.20 | Intra and extracapsular | 36.7% of clopidogrel group and 20% control group on aspirin 40 mg enoxaparin postoperatively for 2-4 weeks for thromboprophylaxis |