Fig. 1

Preoperative computer simulation of the model and design of the navigation template. a Bilateral elbow joint parameters were accurately measured via 3D reconstruction of the CT scanning data. b Angles to be turned out and rotated were determined. c A 5-mm-thick process in the opposite direction was used to create a matching substrate, while the Kirschner wire guide pipe data were imported, combined, and reconstructed into an individualized navigation template. The rotation angle was also calculated, and the positions of the upper and lower positioning pipes of the guide plate were determined. d, e After passing the Boolean operation, the guide plate design was completed