Table 3 Univariate analyses for patients’ background and measured variables
From: The factors driving self-efficacy in intractable chronic pain patients: a retrospective study
Group L (n = 74) | Group H (n = 73) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 70.2 ± 13.4 | 72.2 ± 12.0 | 0.32 |
Gender (male/female) | 24/50 | 12/61 | 0.02* |
Pain duration (months) | 36.7 ± 44.3 | 66.2 ± 80.5 | 0.00** |
PSEQ (points) | 23.2 ± 9.6 | 46.4 ± 6.2 | 0.00** |
NRS (points) | 5.6 ± 2.0 | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 0.01* |
PCS (points) | 29.8 ± 10.4 | 22.9 ± 11.2 | 0.00** |
HADS anxiety (points) | 4.8 ± 3.6 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 0.00** |
HADS depression (points) | 6.1 ± 3.7 | 3.2 ± 2.4 | 0.00** |
PDAS (points) | 24.1 ± 13.9 | 17.0 ± 11.0 | 0.00** |
Pain site (number of patients) | |||
Low back | 54 (73.0%) | 43 (58.9%) | 0.07 |
Knee | 30 (40.5%) | 41 (56.2%) | 0.06 |
Shoulder | 19 (25.7%) | 15 (20.5%) | 0.46 |
Hip | 8 (10.8%) | 7 (9.6%) | 0.80 |