Fig. 2

PELD combined with the VAT. a The patient was placed in the prone position with the hands naturally oriented at the sides of the head on a fluoroscopy-compatible arch frame. b, c The medial-inferior edge of the lamina was localized in the target segment and marked on the body surface. d A 2-mm Kirschner wire was vertically inserted into the target site of the lamina surface. e A trepan was used for further expansion of the working channel