| Topical-TXA (n = 72) | IV-TXA (n = 68) | Control (n = 67) |  |
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P-value |
Intraoperative blood loss (ml) | 166.7 ± 42.5 | 168.0 ± 47.4 | 176.7 ± 46.2 | 0.379 |
Total blood loss (ml) | 832.7 ± 279.8* | 834.8 ± 322.9# | 1093.3 ± 379.7 | <0.001 |
Total volume of drainage (ml) | 91.5 ± 48.0$* | 294.4 ± 149.7 | 313.3 ± 141.5 | <0.001 |
Number of blood transfusion | 6(8.3%) * | 7(10.3%)# | 18(26.9%) | 0.004 |