Fig. 2

Accuracy of mechanical axis restoration and 3D-component positioning of the conventional instrumentation (CVI) and the patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) group. Outliers (dark grey bars) were defined as deviations from the targeted neutral mechanical axis of more than ± 3° (hip-knee-ankle angle, HKA) or from the intra-operative component positioning goals of more than ± 2° (frontal femoral component angle, FFC; frontal tibial component angle, FTC; lateral femoral component angle, LFC; lateral tibial component angle, LTC; femoral component rotation, FCR; dark grey bars). Deviations greater than ± 5° from set targets were considered to be severe outliers (black bars). CT scans for the evaluation of rotational component alignment were available for 44 cases of the CVI group, and for 94 case of the PSI group. Values are presented as percentages and numbers of cases in parentheses