Table 1 Socio-demographic variables in patients with calcaneus fractures, univariate comparison between non-operative and operative treatment
Total | Non-operative | Operative | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | 17,156 | 10,117 (58.97%) | 7039 (41.03%) | |
Age (mean ± SD), years | 47.79 ± 17.13 | 49.20 ± 18.48 | 45.78 ± 14.75 | < 0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 5649 | 3756 (37.13%) | 1893 (26.89%) | < 0.001 |
Payer, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Medicare | 3043 | 2230 (73.28%) | 813 (26.72%) | |
Medicaid | 2027 | 1284 (63.34%) | 743 (36.66%) | |
Private payer | 6860 | 3656 (53.29%) | 3204 (46.71%) | |
Self-payer | 2225 | 1391 (62.51%) | 834 (37.49%) | |
No charge | 288 | 158 (54.86%) | 130 (45.14%) | |
Other | 2713 | 1398 (51.52%) | 1315 (48.48%) | |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
White | 12,693 | 7419 (58.44%) | 5274 (41.46%) | |
African-American | 1465 | 971 (66.27%) | 494 (33.73%) | |
Hispanic | 1927 | 1152 (59.78%) | 775 (40.22%) | |
Asian | 360 | 186 (51.66%) | 174 (48.34%) | |
Native American | 112 | 73 (65.17%) | 39 (34.83%) | |
Other | 599 | 316 (52.75%) | 283 (47.25%) | |
Income*, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
0–24th percentile | 4889 | 3099 (63.38%) | 1790 (36.62%) | |
25–49th percentile | 4363 | 2578 (59.08%) | 1785 (40.92%) | |
50–74th percentile | 4221 | 2418 (57.28%) | 1803 (42.72%) | |
75–100th percentile | 3683 | 2022 (54.90%) | 1661 (45.10%) | |
Teaching hospital/location, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Rural | 1241 | 850 (68.49%) | 391 (31.51%) | |
Urban non-teaching | 5430 | 3149 (57.99%) | 2281 (42.01%) | |
Urban teaching | 10,299 | 6007 (58.32%) | 4292 (41.68%) | |
Hospital size (number of beds) | 0.036 | |||
Small | 1833 | 1046 (57.06%) | 787 (42.93%) | |
Medium | 4065 | 2457 (60.44%) | 1608 (39.56%) | |
Large | 11,072 | 6503 (58.73%) | 4569 (41.27%) | |