| | Type I* | Type II* | Type III* | Skin injury | Muscle injury | Bone injury | Vascular injury# |
|---|
Group 1 (control) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Group 2 (BDS※ = 3 mm) | 36 | 0 | 0 | 36+ | 0- | 36+ | 0- |
Group 3 (BDS※ = 10 mm) | 0 | 34 | 2 | 34++ | 34++ | 34++ | 2+ |
Group 4 (BDS※ = 15 mm) | 0 | 0 | 36 | 36+++ | 36+++ | 36+++ | 36++ |
- *Type I fracture is a low-energy fracture (simple transverse fracture, like OTA type A) with minimal soft tissue damage which means only inside-out skin lesion and no muscle rupture or vascular injuries. Type II fracture is a medium-energy fracture with mild comminuted segments (like Gustilo type II) and skin lacerations, local muscle injury, and sometimes mild vascular lesion. Type III fracture is a high-energy fracture with significant comminuted segments (like Gustilo type III) and extensive lacerations, severe muscle avulsion, and vascular injuries even ischemia in the distal extremity
- #The diameter of the vessel in injury site less than 50% of proximal vessel was defined as vascular injury in this study
- ※BDS (buffer disc settings) is defined as the interval between the buffer disc and the frame when the blade was loaded on the involved extremity
- +, slight injury; ++, moderate injury; +++, severe injury
