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Table 2 Modulus and phase of tissues in the first group at different frequencies (mean ± SD)

From: Tissue discrimination by bioelectrical impedance during PLL resection in anterior decompression surgery for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Tissues

Frequency (kHz)

200

400

600

800

1000

2000

3000

AF, modulus, Ω

1633.14 ± 125.19

1469.3 ± 120.42

1348.54 ± 111.07

1265.77 ± 83.75

1184.74 ± 71.02

881.82 ± 28.61

703.24 ± 12.42

AF, phase, °

− 24.55 ± 0.44

− 27.34 ± 0.42

− 31.47 ± 0.43

− 35.99 ± 0.44

− 40.37 ± 0.45

− 56.34 ± 0.4

− 65.51 ± 0.47

EC, modulus, Ω

5157.27 ± 278.7

3573.47 ± 152.34

2712.78 ± 92.09

2190.76 ± 73.36

1835.17 ± 60.89

1053.72 ± 19.08

769.21 ± 9.54

EC, phase, °

− 27.65 ± 2.56

− 49.34 ± 2.48

− 61.2 ± 2.25

− 69.04 ± 2.01

− 74.9 ± 2.56

− 79.72 ± 2.07

− 81.18 ± 1.97

SC, modulus, Ω

8974.01 ± 459.7

5108.27 ± 147.23

3538.45 ± 95.82

2705.01 ± 69.12

2193.67 ± 51.13

1156.27 ± 23.65

814.01 ± 16.15

SC, phase, °

− 48.87 ± 0.43

− 66.84 ± 0.45

− 74.33 ± 0.46

− 78.12 ± 0.45

− 80.23 ± 0.5

− 85.4 ± 0.46

− 88.23 ± 0.46

PLL, modulus, Ω

1605.88 ± 100.73

1515.69 ± 101.56

1463.82 ± 108.16

1412.2 ± 118.24

1344.05 ± 106.08

932.2 ± 44.16

688.25 ± 28.12

PLL, phase, °

− 17.1 ± 0.46

− 21.6 ± 0.44

− 26.81 ± 0.42

− 31.83 ± 0.43

− 36.75 ± 0.45

− 55.53 ± 0.47

− 64.95 ± 0.42

  1. SD standard deviation, AF annulus fibrosus, EC endplate cartilage, SC sub-endplate cortical bone, PLL posterior longitudinal ligament