Fig. 4

GO-PEI-ASyycG suppressed the vital cells in S. aureus biofilms. a Double labeling of the biofilms in the untreated S. aureus and ASyycG-, GO-, and GO-PEI-ASyycG-treated strains. Green, vital cells (SYTO 9); red, dead cells (PI); scale bars, 100 μm. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the biofilms was performed using Imaris 7.0.0. b Volume ratio of the vital bacterial biomass in the biofilms (n = 10, *p < 0.05)