Fig. 3From: Patients with Modic type 2 change have a severe radiographic representation in the process of lumbar degeneration: a retrospective imaging studyMeasurements of lumbar sagittal parameters. Cobb 1, lumbar lordosis (LL); Cobb 2, sacral slope (SS); Cobb 3, intervertebral angle of L4/5 (IVA); Cobb 4, L3 caudal endplate concave angle (ECA). IHI = (line 1 + line 2)/(line 3 + line 4) × 100%Back to article page