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Table 2 Subgroup analysis of laboratory-based immunoassay and lateral flow test for PJI diagnosis
| Subgroup analyses | No. of studies | No. of patients | Sensitivity (95%CI) | Specificity (95%CI) | AUC (95%CI) | PLR (95%CI) | NLR (95%CI) | DOR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory-based immunoassay | ||||||||
| Overall studies | 11 | 1110 | 0.96 (0.90–0.98) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 35.0 (18.5–66.2) | 0.04 (0.02–0.11) | 811 (220–2990) |
| Excluded metallosis | ||||||||
| Yes | 4 | 416 | 0.97 (0.88–0.99) | 0.99 (0.96–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 80.7 (26.0–251.1) | 0.03 (0.01–0.13) | 2447 (383–15,647) |
| No and NA | 7 | 694 | 0.94 (0.84–0.98) | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 23.1 (14.2–37.6) | 0.06 (0.02–0.17) | 382 (103–1414) |
| Study design | ||||||||
| Prospective | 6 | 697 | 0.97 (0.92–0.99) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 42.9 (22.9–80.4) | 0.03 (0.01–0.09) | 1480 (423–5172) |
| Retrospective | 5 | 413 | 0.91 (0.79–0.96) | 0.95 (0.90–0.98) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 19.9 (8.9–44.5) | 0.10 (0.04–0.24) | 207 (52–830) |
| Lateral flow test | ||||||||
| Overall studies | 10 | 933 | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | 21.2 (11.7–38.5) | 0.14 (0.10–0.21) | 148 (64–343) |
| Excluded antibiotic therapy | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 462 | 0.86 (0.77–0.92) | 0.97 (0.91–0.99) | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 32.7 (9.3–114.6) | 0.15 (0.08–0.25) | 225 (46–1099) |
| No and NA | 5 | 471 | 0.87 (0.78–0.92) | 0.95 (0.91–0.97) | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | 17.3 (9.1–33.1) | 0.14 (0.08–0.23) | 124 (46–336) |
| Number of patients | ||||||||
| ≥ 50 | 7 | 826 | 0.89 (0.84–0.92) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 0.95 (0.92–0.96) | 30.9 (15.4–61.9) | 0.12 (0.08–0.17) | 263 (109–631) |
