Table 1 Basic information of included studies
From: Gout is not associated with the risk of fracture: a meta-analysis
Author | Year | Region | Data source | Study design | Inclusion criteria | Inclusion interval | No. of patients | Outcome of interest (fracture site) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gout | Control group | ||||||||
group | |||||||||
Tzeng, et al. [23] | 2016 | China | Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) | Retrospective cohort study | Gout patients were diagnosed, and the age was > 20 years old; Non-gout patients were randomly selected from LHID enrollees without any histories of gouts, and the selection frequency was at 1:2 ratios of age and sex. | January 01, 2001–December 31, 2009 The data were followed until December 31, 2011 | 43,647 | 87,294 | Any fractures: hip, vertebral, wrist, humerus, other upper thigh, leg/knee, ankle/foot |
Kim, et al. [25] | 2017 | USA | US commercial health plan | Retrospective cohort study | Gout patients were identified with ≥ 2 diagnosis codes and ≥ 1 dispensing for a gout-related drug. Non-gout patients, identified with ≥ 2 visits coded for any diagnosis and ≥ 1 dispensing for any prescription drugs, were free of gout diagnosis and received no gout-related drugs. | 2004–2013 Patients aged ≥ 50 years who had ≥ 2 visits coded with the International Classification of Diseases | 73,202 | 219,606 | Hip, non-vertebral |
Paik, et al. [17] | 2017 | USA | Nurses’ Health Study | Prospective cohort study | Participants were asked whether they had received a physician diagnosis of gout and the date of first occurrence on the questionnaires in 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1988. In 2002, participants were asked whether they had ever received a physician diagnosis of gout and the year of diagnosis. | 1990–2004 for the wrist fracture analysis, 1990–2012 for the hip fracture analysis, patients age of 30–55 years | 2225 | 101,574 | Wrist, hip |
Sultan, et al. [1] | 2018 | UK | Clinical Practice Research Datalink | Prospective cohort study | Gout patients were diagnosed based on a medical code assigned by the physician. | 1990–2004 the data were followed until 2015 | 31,781 | 122,961 | Non-vertebral, vertebral, wrist, hip, humerus |
Wang, et al. [24] | 2018 | China | Shanghai metropolitan area | Retrospective cohort study | Gout patients were diagnosed by expert physicians based on to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD 9-CM) | July 2014–July 2016 | 147 | 2527 | Osteoporotic fracture |